Translation initiation: variations in the mechanism can be anticipated

Translation initiation is a critical step in protein synthesis. Previously, two major mechanisms of initiation were considered as essential: prokaryotic, based on SD interaction; and eukaryotic, requiring cap structure and ribosomal scanning. Although discovered decades ago, cap-independent translat...

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Published in:Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 2011-03, Vol.68 (6), p.991-1003
Main Authors: Malys, Naglis, McCarthy, John E. G
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Archaea
Archaea - genetics
Archaea - physiology
Bacteria
Bacterial Physiological Phenomena
Biochemistry
Biological Evolution
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Biosynthesis
Cell Biology
Eukarya
Eukaryota - genetics
Eukaryota - physiology
evolution
Evolutionary biology
Initiation factor
Life Sciences
messenger RNA
Models, Biological
Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational - physiology
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Review
Ribonucleic acid
Ribosome
Ribosome Subunits - metabolism
RNA
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
Translation initiation mechanism
Virology
Virus Physiological Phenomena
viruses
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description Translation initiation is a critical step in protein synthesis. Previously, two major mechanisms of initiation were considered as essential: prokaryotic, based on SD interaction; and eukaryotic, requiring cap structure and ribosomal scanning. Although discovered decades ago, cap-independent translation has recently been acknowledged as a widely spread mechanism in viruses, which may take place in some cellular mRNA translations. Moreover, it has become evident that translation can be initiated on the leaderless mRNA in all three domains of life. New findings demonstrate that other distinguishable types of initiation exist, including SD-independent in Bacteria and Archaea, and various modifications of 5′ end-dependent and internal initiation mechanisms in Eukarya. Since translation initiation has developed through the loss, acquisition, and modification of functional elements, all of which have been elevated by competition with viral translation in a large number of organisms of different complexity, more variation in initiation mechanisms can be anticipated.
doi_str_mv 10.1007/s00018-010-0588-z
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subjects Archaea
Archaea - genetics
Archaea - physiology
Bacteria
Bacterial Physiological Phenomena
Biochemistry
Biological Evolution
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Biosynthesis
Cell Biology
Eukarya
Eukaryota - genetics
Eukaryota - physiology
evolution
Evolutionary biology
Initiation factor
Life Sciences
messenger RNA
Models, Biological
Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational - physiology
Protein synthesis
Proteins
Review
Ribonucleic acid
Ribosome
Ribosome Subunits - metabolism
RNA
RNA, Messenger - metabolism
Translation initiation mechanism
Virology
Virus Physiological Phenomena
viruses
title Translation initiation: variations in the mechanism can be anticipated
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