Physiological functions of D-amino acid oxidases: from yeast to humans

D-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is a FAD-containing flavoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of D-isomers of neutral and polar amino acids. This enzymatic activity has been identified in most eukaryotic organisms, the only exception being plants. In the various organisms in which it does occ...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS 2007-06, Vol.64 (11), p.1373-1394
Main Authors: Pollegioni, L, Piubelli, L, Sacchi, S, Pilone, M. S, Molla, G
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
Amino Acids - chemistry
Amino Acids - metabolism
Animals
Bacterial Proteins - chemistry
Bacterial Proteins - genetics
Bacterial Proteins - metabolism
Binding Sites
Brain - enzymology
D-Amino acids
D-Amino-Acid Oxidase - chemistry
D-Amino-Acid Oxidase - classification
D-Amino-Acid Oxidase - genetics
D-Amino-Acid Oxidase - metabolism
Energy sources
Enzymatic activity
Enzymes
Flavin-Adenine Dinucleotide - metabolism
Fungal Proteins - chemistry
Fungal Proteins - genetics
Fungal Proteins - metabolism
Humans
Models, Molecular
neurotransmission
peroxisomal enzyme
Peroxisomes - metabolism
Phylogeny
physiological role
Physiology
Protein Conformation
Proteins
Review
schizophrenia
Substrate Specificity
Yeasts
Yeasts - enzymology
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Summary:D-Amino acid oxidase (DAAO) is a FAD-containing flavoenzyme that catalyzes the oxidative deamination of D-isomers of neutral and polar amino acids. This enzymatic activity has been identified in most eukaryotic organisms, the only exception being plants. In the various organisms in which it does occur, DAAO fulfills distinct physiological functions: from a catabolic role in yeast cells, which allows them to grow on D-amino acids as carbon and energy sources, to a regulatory role in the human brain, where it controls the levels of the neuromodulator D-serine. Since 1935, DAAO has been the object of an astonishing number of investigations and has become a model for the dehydrogenase-oxidase class of flavoproteins. Structural and functional studies have suggested that specific physiological functions are implemented through the use of different structural elements that control access to the active site and substrate/product exchange. Current research is attempting to delineate the regulation of DAAO functions in the contest of complex biochemical and physiological networks.
ISSN:1420-682X
1420-9071
DOI:10.1007/s00018-007-6558-4