Focus on Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors-related Intestinal Inflammation: From Pathogenesis to Therapeutical Approach

Recently, antitumor immunotherapies have witnessed a breakthrough with the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors. Unfortunately, the use of ICIs has a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Inflammatory bowel diseases 2024-06, Vol.30 (6), p.1018-1031
Main Authors: Del Gaudio, Angelo, Di Vincenzo, Federica, Petito, Valentina, Giustiniani, Maria Cristina, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Scaldaferri, Franco, Lopetuso, Loris Riccardo
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Colitis - chemically induced
Humans
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors - adverse effects
Immunotherapy - adverse effects
Immunotherapy - methods
Neoplasms - drug therapy
Neoplasms - immunology
Translational Review
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Summary:Recently, antitumor immunotherapies have witnessed a breakthrough with the emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) including programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), programmed cell death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) inhibitors. Unfortunately, the use of ICIs has also led to the advent of a novel class of adverse events that differ from those of classic chemotherapeutics and are more reminiscent of autoimmune diseases, the immune-related adverse events (IRAEs). Herein, we performed an insight of the main IRAEs associated with ICIs, focusing on gastroenterological IRAEs and specifically on checkpoint inhibitor colitis, which represents the most widely reported IRAE to date. We comprehensively dissected the current evidence regarding pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of ICIs-induced colitis, touching upon also on innovative therapies.
ISSN:1078-0998
1536-4844
DOI:10.1093/ibd/izad229