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Anaplasma capra: a new emerging tick-borne zoonotic pathogen

The genus Anaplasma includes A. marginale, A. centrale, A. bovis, A. ovis, A. platys , and A. phagocytophilum transmitted by ticks, some of which are zoonotic and cause anaplasmosis in humans and animals. In 2012, a new species was discovered in goats in China. In 2015, the same agent was detected i...

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Published in:Veterinary research communications 2024-06, Vol.48 (3), p.1329-1340
Main Authors: Altay, Kursat, Erol, Ufuk, Sahin, Omer Faruk
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description The genus Anaplasma includes A. marginale, A. centrale, A. bovis, A. ovis, A. platys , and A. phagocytophilum transmitted by ticks, some of which are zoonotic and cause anaplasmosis in humans and animals. In 2012, a new species was discovered in goats in China. In 2015, the same agent was detected in humans in China, and it was provisionally named Anaplasma capra , referring to 2012. The studies conducted to date have revealed the existence of A. capra in humans, domestic animals, wild animals, and ticks from three different continents (Asia, Europe, and Africa). Phylogenetic analyses based on gltA and groEL sequences show that A. capra clearly includes two different genotypes ( A. capra genotype-1 and A. capra genotype-2). Although A. capra human isolates are in the genotype-2 group, goat, sheep, and cattle isolates are in both groups, making it difficult to establish a host genotype-relationship. According to current data, it can be thought that human isolates are genotype-2 and while only genotype-1 is found in Europe, both genotypes are found in Asia. Anaplasma capra causes clinical disease in humans, but the situation is not yet sufficient to understand the zoonotic importance and pathogenicity in animals. In the present review, the history, hosts (vertebrates and ticks), molecular prevalence, pathogenic properties, and genetic diversity of A. capra were evaluated from a broad perspective.
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subjects Anaplasma - classification
Anaplasma - genetics
Anaplasma - isolation & purification
Anaplasma - pathogenicity
Anaplasma capra
Anaplasmosis
Anaplasmosis - epidemiology
Anaplasmosis - microbiology
Anaplasmosis - transmission
Animals
Arachnids
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Communicable Diseases, Emerging - epidemiology
Communicable Diseases, Emerging - microbiology
Communicable Diseases, Emerging - veterinary
Domestic animals
Genetic diversity
Genotype & phenotype
Genotypes
Goat Diseases - epidemiology
Goat Diseases - microbiology
Goats
Humans
Life Sciences
New species
Pathogenicity
Phylogeny
Review
Tick-Borne Diseases - epidemiology
Tick-Borne Diseases - microbiology
Tick-Borne Diseases - transmission
Tick-Borne Diseases - veterinary
Ticks - microbiology
Veterinary Medicine/Veterinary Science
Zoology
Zoonoses
Zoonoses - microbiology
title Anaplasma capra: a new emerging tick-borne zoonotic pathogen
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