Sperm DNA Fragmentation: causes, evaluation and management in male infertility

Male infertility is a great matter of concern as out of 15% of infertile couples in the reproductive age, about 40% are contributed by male factors alone. For DNA condensation during spermatogenesis, constrained DNA nicking is required, which if increased beyond certain level results in infertility...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:JBRA assisted reproduction 2024, Vol.28 (2), p.306-319
Main Authors: Andrabi, Syed Waseem, Ara, Anam, Saharan, Ankur, Jaffar, Mir, Gugnani, Nivita, Esteves, Sandro C
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Apoptosis
Birth rate
Clinical outcomes
DNA damage
DNA Fragmentation
Embryos
Fertility
Humans
In vitro fertilization
Infertility
Infertility, Male - diagnosis
Infertility, Male - etiology
Infertility, Male - therapy
Male
Males
Oxidative stress
Pregnancy
Radiation therapy
Reactive oxygen species
Reproductive Techniques, Assisted
Review
Sperm
Spermatogenesis
Spermatozoa
Testicular cancer
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Summary:Male infertility is a great matter of concern as out of 15% of infertile couples in the reproductive age, about 40% are contributed by male factors alone. For DNA condensation during spermatogenesis, constrained DNA nicking is required, which if increased beyond certain level results in infertility in men. High sperm DNA Fragmentation (SDF) majorly contributes to male infertility and its association with regards to poor natural conception and assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcomes is equivocal. Apoptosis, protamination failure and the excess of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are considered to be the main causes of SDF. It's testing came into existence because of the limitations of the conventional methods in explaining infertility in normozoospermic infertile individuals. Over the past 25 years, SDF's several testing strategies have been proposed to diagnose the aetiology of infertility. Various treatments combined with sperm selection techniques are being used alone or in combination to reduce DNA fragmentation index (DFI) and obtain spermatozoa with high quality chromatin for assisted reproduction. This review summarises SDF's main causes, its impact on fertility and clinical outcomes in assisted reproduction, the need to perform test, testing procedures, and the treatment strategies.
ISSN:1518-0557
1517-5693
1518-0557
DOI:10.5935/1518-0557.20230076