Excess non-COVID-19-related mortality among inflammatory bowel disease decedents during the COVID-19 pandemic

• Published in: World journal of gastroenterology : WJG 2024-05, Vol.30 (20), p.2677-2688
• Main Authors: Rotondo-Trivette, Sarah, He, Xin-Yuan, Samaan, Jamil S, Lv, Fan, Truong, Emily, Juels, Michaela, Nguyen, Anthony, Gao, Xu, Zu, Jian, Yeo, Yee Hui, Ji, Fan-Pu, Melmed, Gil Y
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Age Factors; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Cause of Death; Colitis, Ulcerative - ethnology; Colitis, Ulcerative - mortality; COVID-19 - epidemiology; COVID-19 - mortality; Crohn Disease - diagnosis; Crohn Disease - ethnology; Crohn Disease - mortality; Female; Humans; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - mortality; Male; Middle Aged; Observational Study; Pandemics; Registries - statistics & numerical data; SARS-CoV-2; United States - epidemiology
• ISSN: 1007-9327; 2219-2840
• DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v30.i20.2677

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic disrupted healthcare in the United States. To investigate COVID-19-related and non-COVID-19-related death and characteristics associated with excess death among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) decedents. We performed a register-based study using data from the National Vital Statistics System, which reports death data from over 99% of the United States population, from January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2021. IBD-related deaths among adults 25 years and older were stratified by age, sex, race/ethnicity, place of death, and primary cause of death. Predicted and actual age-standardized mortality rates (ASMRs) per 100000 persons were compared. 49782 IBD-related deaths occurred during the study period. Non-COVID-19-related deaths increased by 13.14% in 2020 and 18.12% in 2021 [2020 ASMR: 1.55 actual 1.37 predicted, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.26-1.49; 2021 ASMR: 1.63 actual 1.38 predicted, 95%CI: 1.26-1.49]. In 2020, non-COVID-19-related mortality increased by 17.65% in ulcerative colitis (UC) patients between the ages of 25 and 65 and 36.36% in non-Hispanic black (NHB) Crohn's disease (CD) patients. During the pandemic, deaths at home or on arrival and at medical facilities as well as deaths due to neoplasms also increased. IBD patients suffered excess non-COVID-19-related death during the pandemic. Excess death was associated with younger age among UC patients, and with NHB race among CD patients. Increased death at home or on arrival and due to neoplasms suggests that delayed presentation and difficulty accessing healthcare may have led to increased IBD mortality.