A Comprehensive Review on Navigating the Neurological Landscape of COVID-19: Insights Into Etiopathogenesis and Clinical Management

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a global health crisis with significant neurological implications. While initially characterized by respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 has been increasingly recognized for its di...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2024-05, Vol.16 (5), p.e60079-e60079
Main Authors: Chavhan, Roma, Wanjari, Anil, Kumar, Sunil, Acharya, Sourya, Rathod, Nishant, Reddy, Harshitha, Gemnani, Rinkle
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Clinical outcomes
COVID-19
Disease
Emotional disorders
Epidemiology
Guillain-Barre syndrome
Headaches
Immune system
Inflammation
Internal Medicine
Ischemia
Medical prognosis
Mood disorders
Mortality
Musculoskeletal system
Nervous system
Olfaction disorders
Pathophysiology
Patients
Public Health
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
Stroke
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Summary:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has emerged as a global health crisis with significant neurological implications. While initially characterized by respiratory symptoms, COVID-19 has been increasingly recognized for its diverse neurological manifestations, including encephalopathy, stroke, peripheral neuropathies, and neuropsychiatric disorders. Understanding the neurological landscape of COVID-19 is essential for elucidating its pathophysiology, optimizing clinical management, and improving patient outcomes. This comprehensive review provides insights into the etiopathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic approaches, management strategies, and prognostic implications of neurological involvement in COVID-19. Mechanistic insights highlight the multifactorial nature of neurological complications involving direct viral invasion, immune-mediated mechanisms, and thrombotic events. Diagnostic challenges underscore the importance of a multidisciplinary approach to patient care, while management strategies emphasize early recognition and appropriate intervention. Long-term neurological sequelae and prognostic factors are also examined, emphasizing the need for comprehensive follow-up and rehabilitation services. Finally, recommendations for future research prioritize efforts to elucidate underlying mechanisms, identify biomarkers, and evaluate rehabilitative interventions. By addressing these challenges, we can better understand and mitigate the neurological consequences of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
ISSN:2168-8184
2168-8184
DOI:10.7759/cureus.60079