Implementation of multiomic mass spectrometry approaches for the evaluation of human health following environmental exposure

• Published in: Molecular omics 2024-06, Vol.2 (5), p.296-321
• Main Authors: Ferreira, Christina R, Lima Gomes, Paulo Clairmont F. de, Robison‡, Kiley Marie, Cooper‡, Bruce R, Shannahan, Jonathan H
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Biomarkers; Chemistry; Environmental Exposure - analysis; Genomics - methods; Humans; Mass Spectrometry - methods; Metabolomics - methods; Proteomics - methods
• ISSN: 2515-4184; 2515-4184
• DOI: 10.1039/d3mo00214d

Omics analyses collectively refer to the possibility of profiling genetic variants, RNA, epigenetic markers, proteins, lipids, and metabolites. The most common analytical approaches used for detecting molecules present within biofluids related to metabolism are vibrational spectroscopy techniques, represented by infrared, Raman, and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopies and mass spectrometry (MS). Omics-based assessments utilizing MS are rapidly expanding and being applied to various scientific disciplines and clinical settings. Most of the omics instruments are operated by specialists in dedicated laboratories; however, the development of miniature portable omics has made the technology more available to users for field applications. Variations in molecular information gained from omics approaches are useful for evaluating human health following environmental exposure and the development and progression of numerous diseases. As MS technology develops so do statistical and machine learning methods for the detection of molecular deviations from personalized metabolism, which are correlated to altered health conditions, and they are intended to provide a multi-disciplinary overview for researchers interested in adding multiomic analysis to their current efforts. This includes an introduction to mass spectrometry-based omics technologies, current state-of-the-art capabilities and their respective strengths and limitations for surveying molecular information. Furthermore, we describe how knowledge gained from these assessments can be applied to personalized medicine and diagnostic strategies. This review introduces advancements in multiomic mass spectrometry which revolutionized our knowledge of complex biological processes across scientific disciplines, exposure scenarios, and diseases, benefiting diagnostic and treatment strategies.