From Immunity to Neurogenesis: Toll-like Receptors as Versatile Regulators in the Nervous System

Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are among the main components of the innate immune system. They can detect conserved structures in microorganisms and molecules associated with stress and cellular damage. TLRs are expressed in resident immune cells and both neurons and glial cells of the nervous system. I...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:International journal of molecular sciences 2024-06, Vol.25 (11), p.5711
Main Authors: Abarca-Merlin, Daniela Melissa, Martínez-Durán, J Abigail, Medina-Pérez, J David, Rodríguez-Santos, Guadalupe, Alvarez-Arellano, Lourdes
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adapter proteins
Animals
Apoptosis
B cells
Chemokines
Cytokines
Extracellular matrix
Genotype & phenotype
Health aspects
Homeostasis
Humans
Immune response
Immune system
Immunity, Innate
Infection
Kinases
MicroRNAs
Nervous system
Nervous System - immunology
Nervous System - metabolism
Neurogenesis
Neuroinflammatory Diseases - immunology
Neuroinflammatory Diseases - metabolism
Neurons
Neurons - immunology
Neurons - metabolism
Review
Signal Transduction
Toll-Like Receptors - metabolism
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Summary:Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are among the main components of the innate immune system. They can detect conserved structures in microorganisms and molecules associated with stress and cellular damage. TLRs are expressed in resident immune cells and both neurons and glial cells of the nervous system. Increasing evidence is emerging on the participation of TLRs not only in the immune response but also in processes of the nervous system, such as neurogenesis and cognition. Below, we present a review of the literature that evaluates the expression and role of TLRs in processes such as neurodevelopment, behavior, cognition, infection, neuroinflammation, and neurodegeneration.
ISSN:1422-0067
1661-6596
1422-0067
DOI:10.3390/ijms25115711