Optimizing the Sintering Conditions of (Fe,Co) 1.95 (P,Si) Compounds for Permanent Magnet Applications

• Published in: Materials 2024-05, Vol.17 (11), p.2476
• Main Authors: Yiderigu, Jin, Yibole, Hargen, Bao, Lingbo, Bao, Lingling, Guillou, François
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Anisotropy; Ball milling; Bulk sampling; Cobalt; Coercivity; Curie temperature; Grain growth; Heat treatment; Iron; Magnetic saturation; Magnetization curves; Optimization; Permanent magnets; Room temperature; Simulation; Single crystals; Sintering; Sintering (powder metallurgy); Temperature; X ray powder diffraction
• ISSN: 1996-1944; 1996-1944
• DOI: 10.3390/ma17112476

(Fe,Co) (P,Si) quaternary compounds combine large uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy, significant saturation magnetization and tunable Curie temperature, making them attractive for permanent magnet applications. Single crystals or conventionally prepared bulk polycrystalline (Fe,Co) (P,Si) samples do not, however, show a significant coercivity. Here, after a ball-milling stage of elemental precursors, we optimize the sintering temperature and duration during the solid-state synthesis of bulk Fe Co P Si compounds so as to obtain coercivity in bulk samples. We pay special attention to shortening the heat treatment in order to limit grain growth. Powder X-ray diffraction experiments demonstrate that a sintering of a few minutes is sufficient to form the desired Fe P-type hexagonal structure with limited secondary-phase content (~5 wt.%). Coercivity is achieved in bulk Fe Co P Si quaternary compounds by shortening the heat treatment. Surprisingly, the largest coercivities are observed in the samples presenting large amounts of secondary-phase content (>5 wt.%). In addition to the shape of the virgin magnetization curve, this may indicate a dominant wall-pining coercivity mechanism. Despite a tenfold improvement of the coercive fields for bulk samples, the achieved performances remain modest ( ≈ 0.6 kOe at room temperature). These results nonetheless establish a benchmark for future developments of (Fe,Co) (P,Si) compounds as permanent magnets.