Role of Complement Components in Asthma: A Systematic Review

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by recurrent symptoms in response to a wide range of external stimuli, including allergens, viral infections, and air pollution together with internal host-derived danger signals. The disease is traditionally associated with adaptive immu...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of clinical medicine 2024-05, Vol.13 (11), p.3044
Main Authors: Tornyi, Ilona, Horváth, Ildikó
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Allergens
Allergies
Asthma
B cells
Blood proteins
Cooperation
Coronaviruses
COVID-19
Cytokines
Defense
Immune system
Inflammation
Lectins
Pathogens
Pattern recognition
Pollutants
Proteins
Risk factors
Steroids
Systematic Review
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Summary:Asthma is a chronic inflammatory airway disease characterized by recurrent symptoms in response to a wide range of external stimuli, including allergens, viral infections, and air pollution together with internal host-derived danger signals. The disease is traditionally associated with adaptive immune responses; recent research emphasizes the critical role of innate immunity in its pathogenesis. The complement system, activated as part of the defense mechanisms, plays a crucial role in bridging innate to adaptive immunity. While experimental models demonstrate complement cascade activation in asthma, human studies remain limited. This systematic review summarizes existing literature on the complement system in asthma patients, gathering data from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar. The protocol was registered in the OSF. Out of 482 initially identified articles, only 24 met the eligibility criteria, revealing disparities in sample origin, methodologies, and populations. Despite observed heterogeneity, a consistent result was found in the elevation of complement regulatory proteins, such as complement Factor H, in samples from patients with asthma compared to those from healthy subjects. The increased level of regulatory proteins, such as Factor H and I highlight that these may influence asthma pathophysiology. The role of complement factors as potential biomarkers of asthma activity and severity needs further evaluation.
ISSN:2077-0383
2077-0383
DOI:10.3390/jcm13113044