Chromosomal Variations and Clinical Features of Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia in the North Indian Population: A Cross-Sectional Study

• Published in: Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2024-05, Vol.16 (5), p.e60451-e60451
• Main Authors: Ahmad, Anam, Dwivedi, Alka, Tomar, Sushma, Anand, Akriti, Verma, Rakesh K, Rani, Archana, Diwan, Rakesh K
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age groups; Anatomy; Blood; Cross-sectional studies; Cytogenetics; Fever; Genetics; Hematology; Hemoglobin; Laboratories; Leukemia; Leukocytes; Medical records; Patients; Population; Standard deviation; Tumors; Variables; Variance analysis
• ISSN: 2168-8184; 2168-8184
• DOI: 10.7759/cureus.60451

The key prognostic markers in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) include age, leukocyte count upon diagnosis, immunophenotype, and chromosomal abnormalities. Furthermore, there was a correlation between cytogenetic anomalies and specific immunologic phenotypes of ALL, which in turn had varied outcomes. The objective of this study was to examine the occurrence of cytogenetic abnormalities in individuals diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The study employed a cross-sectional design to investigate genetic evaluation and clinical features in 147 ALL patients between March 2021 and August 2022. Demographic data (like age and sex), clinical manifestations, and hematological parameters were collected. Cytogenetic analysis (G-banding) was performed to identify chromosomal abnormalities. The mean±SD and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to assess associations and differences among variables using SPSS Version 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). The study shows male n=85 and female n=62 in ALL patients, with prevalent clinical manifestations: fever n=100 (68.03%), pallor n=123 (83.67%), and lymphadenopathy n=65 (44.22%). The hematological parameters like hemoglobin (Hb) (6.14±2.5 g/dl), total leukocyte count (TLC) (1.7±1.05 cell/mm ), and platelet count (1.2±0.11 lac/mm ) show a significant variation (P