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Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus
Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus, primarily spread by wild birds, has caused outbreaks in poultry farms and among wild birds. There have been cases of viral spillover from birds to mammals, including cattle and humans, highlighting the potential for a pandemic. The mechanisms of transmis...
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| Published in: | Canadian Medical Association journal (CMAJ) 2024-07, Vol.196 (25), p.E878-E878 |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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| container_end_page | E878 |
| container_issue | 25 |
| container_start_page | E878 |
| container_title | Canadian Medical Association journal (CMAJ) |
| container_volume | 196 |
| creator | Kozak, Robert Bogoch, Isaac I Mubareka, Samira |
| description | Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus, primarily spread by wild birds, has caused outbreaks in poultry farms and among wild birds. There have been cases of viral spillover from birds to mammals, including cattle and humans, highlighting the potential for a pandemic. The mechanisms of transmission are not fully understood, but evidence suggests viral reassortment and mammalian adaptation, increasing the risk of transmission and disease among mammals. As of Jun 2024, no human cases of H5N1 have been acquired in Canada. However, globally, there have been nearly 900 reported human cases since 2003, with a case fatality rate of 52.4%. The clinical presentation of H5N1 infection can vary from mild to severe influenza, with some cases presenting with hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Clinicians should inquire about animal exposures in patients with influenza-like illness, conjunctivitis, or meningoencephalitis. While the risk to the general population is currently low, individuals with substantial exposure to livestock or wildlife may be at risk for infection. Testing for H5N1 should be conducted promptly, and oseltamivir is the recommended antiviral treatment. |
| doi_str_mv | 10.1503/cmaj.240697 |
| format | article |
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There have been cases of viral spillover from birds to mammals, including cattle and humans, highlighting the potential for a pandemic. The mechanisms of transmission are not fully understood, but evidence suggests viral reassortment and mammalian adaptation, increasing the risk of transmission and disease among mammals. As of Jun 2024, no human cases of H5N1 have been acquired in Canada. However, globally, there have been nearly 900 reported human cases since 2003, with a case fatality rate of 52.4%. The clinical presentation of H5N1 infection can vary from mild to severe influenza, with some cases presenting with hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Clinicians should inquire about animal exposures in patients with influenza-like illness, conjunctivitis, or meningoencephalitis. While the risk to the general population is currently low, individuals with substantial exposure to livestock or wildlife may be at risk for infection. 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Jul 15, 2024</rights><rights>2024 CMA Impact Inc. or its licensors 2024</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11268142/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC11268142/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$Hfree_for_read</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,723,776,780,881,27901,27902,53766,53768</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/39009366$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Kozak, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bogoch, Isaac I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mubareka, Samira</creatorcontrib><title>Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus</title><title>Canadian Medical Association journal (CMAJ)</title><addtitle>CMAJ</addtitle><description>Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus, primarily spread by wild birds, has caused outbreaks in poultry farms and among wild birds. There have been cases of viral spillover from birds to mammals, including cattle and humans, highlighting the potential for a pandemic. The mechanisms of transmission are not fully understood, but evidence suggests viral reassortment and mammalian adaptation, increasing the risk of transmission and disease among mammals. As of Jun 2024, no human cases of H5N1 have been acquired in Canada. However, globally, there have been nearly 900 reported human cases since 2003, with a case fatality rate of 52.4%. The clinical presentation of H5N1 infection can vary from mild to severe influenza, with some cases presenting with hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Clinicians should inquire about animal exposures in patients with influenza-like illness, conjunctivitis, or meningoencephalitis. While the risk to the general population is currently low, individuals with substantial exposure to livestock or wildlife may be at risk for infection. Testing for H5N1 should be conducted promptly, and oseltamivir is the recommended antiviral treatment.</description><subject>Analysis</subject><subject>Animals</subject><subject>Avian flu</subject><subject>Avian influenza</subject><subject>Avian influenza viruses</subject><subject>Birds</subject><subject>Cattle</subject><subject>Diagnosis</subject><subject>Disease transmission</subject><subject>Distribution</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Infection</subject><subject>Infections</subject><subject>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - pathogenicity</subject><subject>Influenza in Birds - epidemiology</subject><subject>Influenza in Birds - transmission</subject><subject>Influenza in Birds - virology</subject><subject>Influenza, Human - epidemiology</subject><subject>Laboratories</subject><subject>Livestock</subject><subject>Livestock farms</subject><subject>Pandemics</subject><subject>Poultry industry</subject><subject>Practice</subject><subject>Public health</subject><issn>0820-3946</issn><issn>1488-2329</issn><issn>1488-2329</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2024</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNptks9v0zAUxy0EYmVw4o4iuGxCKe_5R2KfUDUxijTBBc6W6zitq8Tu4qbS-Otx1DE2VPtgyf74Y7-vHiFvEeYogH2yvdnOKYdK1c_IDLmUJWVUPSczkBRKpnh1Rl6ltIU8GK1fkjOmABSrqhmBpV9vurtiZ_abuHbB28IcvAmFD203uvDbFIviYim-42Vx8MOYXpMXremSe3O_npNf119-Xi3Lmx9fv10tbkrLGexLoURVUwMo3IpTYA22ztmW8kYBkyClqCuLyFYMmrpmLSohK8mQGsOFQMfOyeejdzeuetdYF_aD6fRu8L0Z7nQ0Xj89CX6j1_GgEWklkdNsuLg3DPF2dGmve5-s6zoTXByTZiCRKqQUM_rhP3QbxyHk-iZq8uWg_1Fr0zmdA4r5YTtJ9UICAiJHlanyBJWjdfmXMbjW5-0n_PsTvN35W_0Ymp-A8mxc7-1J68fjBTvElAbXPiSHoKdq9NQ2-tg2mX73OOwH9m-fsD8ERLbj</recordid><startdate>20240715</startdate><enddate>20240715</enddate><creator>Kozak, Robert</creator><creator>Bogoch, Isaac I</creator><creator>Mubareka, Samira</creator><general>CMA Impact Inc</general><general>CMA Impact, Inc</general><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>4T-</scope><scope>4U-</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>88G</scope><scope>88I</scope><scope>8AF</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8FQ</scope><scope>8FV</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AN0</scope><scope>ASE</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FPQ</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K6X</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>KB0</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2M</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M2P</scope><scope>M3G</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>PSYQQ</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>20240715</creationdate><title>Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus</title><author>Kozak, Robert ; Bogoch, Isaac I ; Mubareka, Samira</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c430t-595672a015eb4203d1feecf24d9038088576c113b30d773f195868312aa4551e3</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2024</creationdate><topic>Analysis</topic><topic>Animals</topic><topic>Avian flu</topic><topic>Avian influenza</topic><topic>Avian influenza viruses</topic><topic>Birds</topic><topic>Cattle</topic><topic>Diagnosis</topic><topic>Disease transmission</topic><topic>Distribution</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Infection</topic><topic>Infections</topic><topic>Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - pathogenicity</topic><topic>Influenza in Birds - epidemiology</topic><topic>Influenza in Birds - transmission</topic><topic>Influenza in Birds - virology</topic><topic>Influenza, Human - epidemiology</topic><topic>Laboratories</topic><topic>Livestock</topic><topic>Livestock farms</topic><topic>Pandemics</topic><topic>Poultry industry</topic><topic>Practice</topic><topic>Public health</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Kozak, Robert</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Bogoch, Isaac I</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Mubareka, Samira</creatorcontrib><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Docstoc</collection><collection>University Readers</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Proquest)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>Science Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>STEM Database</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Canadian Business & Current Affairs Database</collection><collection>Canadian Business & Current Affairs Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>British Nursing Database</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>British Nursing Index (BNI) (1985 to Present)</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection</collection><collection>British Nursing Index</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Health Management Database (Proquest)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Psychology Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>ProQuest Research Library</collection><collection>Science Database (ProQuest)</collection><collection>CBCA Reference & Current Events</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest One Psychology</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Canadian Medical Association journal (CMAJ)</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Kozak, Robert</au><au>Bogoch, Isaac I</au><au>Mubareka, Samira</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus</atitle><jtitle>Canadian Medical Association journal (CMAJ)</jtitle><addtitle>CMAJ</addtitle><date>2024-07-15</date><risdate>2024</risdate><volume>196</volume><issue>25</issue><spage>E878</spage><epage>E878</epage><pages>E878-E878</pages><issn>0820-3946</issn><issn>1488-2329</issn><eissn>1488-2329</eissn><abstract>Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 virus, primarily spread by wild birds, has caused outbreaks in poultry farms and among wild birds. There have been cases of viral spillover from birds to mammals, including cattle and humans, highlighting the potential for a pandemic. The mechanisms of transmission are not fully understood, but evidence suggests viral reassortment and mammalian adaptation, increasing the risk of transmission and disease among mammals. As of Jun 2024, no human cases of H5N1 have been acquired in Canada. However, globally, there have been nearly 900 reported human cases since 2003, with a case fatality rate of 52.4%. The clinical presentation of H5N1 infection can vary from mild to severe influenza, with some cases presenting with hemorrhagic conjunctivitis. Clinicians should inquire about animal exposures in patients with influenza-like illness, conjunctivitis, or meningoencephalitis. While the risk to the general population is currently low, individuals with substantial exposure to livestock or wildlife may be at risk for infection. Testing for H5N1 should be conducted promptly, and oseltamivir is the recommended antiviral treatment.</abstract><cop>Canada</cop><pub>CMA Impact Inc</pub><pmid>39009366</pmid><doi>10.1503/cmaj.240697</doi><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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| identifier | ISSN: 0820-3946 |
| ispartof | Canadian Medical Association journal (CMAJ), 2024-07, Vol.196 (25), p.E878-E878 |
| issn | 0820-3946 1488-2329 1488-2329 |
| language | eng |
| recordid | cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_11268142 |
| source | Open Access: PubMed Central |
| subjects | Analysis Animals Avian flu Avian influenza Avian influenza viruses Birds Cattle Diagnosis Disease transmission Distribution Humans Infection Infections Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype - pathogenicity Influenza in Birds - epidemiology Influenza in Birds - transmission Influenza in Birds - virology Influenza, Human - epidemiology Laboratories Livestock Livestock farms Pandemics Poultry industry Practice Public health |
| title | Highly pathogenic avian influenza A (H5N1) virus |
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