The Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Nigella sativa Toothpaste on Porphyromonas gingivalis Bacteria Through Decreased TNF-α, MMP-9, PGE-2 Expression in Wistar Rats

• Published in: European journal of dentistry 2024-07, Vol.18 (3), p.808-814
• Main Authors: Maduratna, Ernie, Sari, Desi Sandra, Rahayu, Retno Puji, Masya, Resgita Nadila, Adinar, Noor
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Original
• ISSN: 1305-7456; 1305-7464
• DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1772700

The main principle in preventing periodontal disease is to improve oral hygiene. The bacteria that cause the onset of periodontal disease, one of which is the bacterium, causes inflammation. Persistent inflammation causes tissue damage and alveolar bone resorption by secreting proinflammatory cytokines, matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), prostaglandin E2 (PGE-2), and anti-inflammatory cytokines. In this case, preventive treatment is needed, such as using toothpaste that contains anti-inflammatories so that the progression of the disease does not get worse. The traditional ingredient currently being developed is , which has anti-inflammatory properties. Therefore, this study analyzes the potential of toothpaste containing on the expression of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), MMP-9, and PGE-2 in the Wistar rat model induced by bacteria. This study aims to prove the potential of toothpaste to decrease the expression of PGE-2, TNF-α, and MMP-9 in the gingiva of rats induced by bacteria.  Forty-five healthy male Wistar rats were used, consisting of the negative control group, which was only injected with bacteria ATCC3322. The positive control group was given enzyme toothpaste, and the treatment group was assigned 1 mg of paste using a microbrush for 30 seconds on the gingiva incisors mandibular with a circular motion, given two times a day for a week. Immunohistochemical to see the expression of TNF-α, PGE-2, and MMP-9. Parametric comparative analysis using a one-way analysis of variance test was performed to analyze differences between groups.   toothpaste significantly reduced proinflammatory cytokines, as seen through the expression of TNF-α, PGE-2, and MMP-9 on days 3, 5, and 7 (