Construction and efficacy testing of DNA vaccines containing HLA-A02:01-restricted SARS-CoV-2 T-cell epitopes predicted by immunoinformatics: DNA vaccines containing HLA-A02:01-restricted SARS-CoV -2 T-cell epitopes

• Published in: Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica 2024-04, Vol.56 (7), p.986-996
• Main Authors: Tan, Dan, Kang, Ning, Zhu, Yuanfei, Hou, Jia, Wang, Hanqing, Xu, Huijun, Zu, Cheng, Gao, Zixiang, Liu, Mu, Liu, Nannan, Deng, Qiang, Lu, Hongzhou, Liu, Jing, Xie, Youhua
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• ISSN: 1672-9145; 1745-7270
• DOI: 10.3724/abbs.2024039

Vaccines play essential roles in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic. The development and assessment of COVID-19 vaccines have generally focused on the induction and boosting of neutralizing antibodies targeting the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein. Due to rapid and continuous variation in the S protein, such vaccines need to be regularly updated to match newly emerged dominant variants. T-cell vaccines that target MHC I- or II-restricted epitopes in both structural and non-structural viral proteins have the potential to induce broadly cross-protective and long-lasting responses. In this work, the entire proteome encoded by SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-hu-1) is subjected to immunoinformatics-based prediction of HLA-A*02:01-restricted epitopes. The immunogenicity of the predicted epitopes is evaluated using peripheral blood mononuclear cells from convalescent Wuhan-hu-1-infected patients. Furthermore, predicted epitopes that are conserved across major SARS-CoV-2 lineages and variants are used to construct DNA vaccines expressing multi-epitope polypeptides. Most importantly, two DNA vaccine constructs induce epitope-specific CD8 + T-cell responses in a mouse model of HLA-A*02:01 restriction and protect immunized mice from challenge with Wuhan-hu-1 virus after hACE2 transduction. These data provide candidate T-cell epitopes useful for the development of T-cell vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 and demonstrate a strategy for quick T-cell vaccine candidate development applicable to other emerging pathogens.