Dispositional mindfulness: Dissociable affective and cognitive processes

Mindfulness has been linked to a range of positive social-emotional and cognitive outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. As one of the few traits or dispositions that are associated with both affective and cognitive benefits, we asked whether mindfulness is associated with affective an...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Psychonomic bulletin & review 2024-08, Vol.31 (4), p.1798-1808
Main Authors: Tsai, Nancy, Treves, Isaac N., Bauer, Clemens C. C., Scherer, Ethan, Caballero, Camila, West, Martin R., Gabrieli, John D. E.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Affect - physiology
Attention - physiology
Behavioral Science and Psychology
Brain - physiology
Brief Report
Cognition - physiology
Cognitive Psychology
Female
Humans
Male
Mindfulness
Personality - physiology
Psychology
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Summary:Mindfulness has been linked to a range of positive social-emotional and cognitive outcomes, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear. As one of the few traits or dispositions that are associated with both affective and cognitive benefits, we asked whether mindfulness is associated with affective and cognitive outcomes through a shared, unitary process or through two dissociable processes. We examined this in adolescents using behavioral measures and also reanalyzed previously reported neuroimaging findings relating mindfulness training to either affect (negative emotion, stress) or cognition (sustained attention). Using multivariate regression analyses, our findings suggest that the relationships between dispositional mindfulness and affective and cognitive processes are behaviorally dissociable and converge with neuroimaging data indicating that mindfulness modulates affect and cognition through separate neural pathways. These findings support the benefits of trait mindfulness on both affective and cognitive processes, and reveal that those benefits are at least partly dissociable in the mind and brain.
ISSN:1069-9384
1531-5320
1531-5320
DOI:10.3758/s13423-024-02462-y