Enhancing bone regeneration: Unleashing the potential of magnetic nanoparticles in a microtissue model

• Published in: Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 2024-09, Vol.28 (17), p.e70040-n/a
• Main Authors: Dousti, Maryam, Parsa, Shima, Sani, Farnaz, Bagherzadeh, Elham, Zamanzadeh, Zahra, Dara, Mahintaj, Sani, Mahsa, Azarpira, Negar
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Alkaline phosphatase; Allografts; Angiogenesis; Biocompatibility; Blood vessels; Bone diseases; Bone grafts; Bone growth; Bone implants; Bone Regeneration - drug effects; Bones; Cell adhesion & migration; Cell culture; Cell Differentiation - drug effects; Cell migration; Cell Movement - drug effects; Cell Survival - drug effects; Coculture Techniques; Disease transmission; Electron microscopes; Endothelial cells; Fe3O4; Gene expression; Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells - metabolism; Humans; Intracellular signalling; Iron; Iron oxides; Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles - chemistry; magnetic nanoparticle; Magnetite Nanoparticles - chemistry; Microscopy; microtissue; Mineralization; Nanoparticles; Neovascularization, Physiologic - drug effects; Original; Osteoblasts - cytology; Osteoblasts - drug effects; Osteoblasts - metabolism; Osteocalcin; Osteogenesis; Osteogenesis - drug effects; Osteopontin; Penicillin; Phosphatase; Physiology; Regeneration; Stains & staining; Tissue engineering; Tissue Engineering - methods; Toxicity; Umbilical vein
• ISSN: 1582-1838; 1582-4934; 1582-4934
• DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.70040

Bone tissue engineering addresses the limitations of autologous resources and the risk of allograft disease transmission in bone diseases. In this regard, engineered three‐dimensional (3D) models emerge as biomimetic alternatives to natural tissues, replicating intracellular communication. Moreover, the unique properties of super‐paramagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) were shown to promote bone regeneration via enhanced osteogenesis and angiogenesis in bone models. This study aimed to investigate the effects of SPION on both osteogenesis and angiogenesis and characterized a co‐culture of Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and MG‐63 cells as a model of bone microtissue. HUVECs: MG‐63s with a ratio of 4:1 demonstrated the best results among other cell ratios, and 50 μg/mL of SPION was the optimum concentration for maximum survival, cell migration and mineralization. In addition, the data from gene expression illustrated that the expression of osteogenesis‐related genes, including osteopontin, osteocalcin, alkaline phosphatase, and collagen‐I, as well as the expression of the angiogenesis‐related marker, CD‐31, and the tube formation, is significantly elevated when the 50 μg/mL concentration of SPION is applied to the microtissue samples. SPION application in a designed 3D bone microtissue model involving a co‐culture of osteoblast and endothelial cells resulted in increased expression of specific markers related to angiogenesis and osteogenesis. This includes the design of a novel biomimetic model to boost blood compatibility and biocompatibility of primary materials while promoting osteogenic activity in microtissue bone models. Moreover, this can improve interaction with surrounding tissues and broaden the knowledge to promote superior‐performance implants, preventing device failure.