Metabolic Pathways of Acylcarnitine Synthesis

Acylcarnitines are important markers in metabolic studies of many diseases, including metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders. We reviewed analytical methods for analyzing acylcarnitines with respect to the available molecular structural information, the technical limitations of legacy...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Physiological research 2024-08, Vol.73 (Suppl 1), p.S153-S163
Main Authors: Brejchova, Jana, Brejchova, Kristýna, Kuda, Ondrej
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Amino acids
Annotations
Carbon
Dehydrogenases
Fatty acids
Isomers
Lipid metabolism
Lipids
Mass spectrometry
Mass spectroscopy
Medical screening
Metabolic pathways
Metabolism
Metabolites
Metabolomics
Names
Neurological diseases
Nomenclature
Oxidation
Plasma
Review
Reviews
Scientific imaging
Vernacular names
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Summary:Acylcarnitines are important markers in metabolic studies of many diseases, including metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders. We reviewed analytical methods for analyzing acylcarnitines with respect to the available molecular structural information, the technical limitations of legacy methods, and the potential of new mass spectrometry-based techniques to provide new information on metabolite structure. We summarized the nomenclature of acylcarnitines based on historical common names and common abbreviations, and we propose the use of systematic abbreviations derived from the shorthand notation for lipid structures. The transition to systematic nomenclature will facilitate acylcarnitine annotation, reporting, and standardization in metabolomics. We have reviewed the metabolic origins of acylcarnitines important for the biological interpretation of human metabolomic profiles. We identified neglected isomers of acylcarnitines and summarized the metabolic pathways involved in the synthesis and degradation of acylcarnitines, including branched-chain lipids and amino acids. We reviewed the primary literature, mapped the metabolic transformations of acyl-CoAs to acylcarnitines, and created a freely available WikiPathway WP5423 to help researchers navigate the acylcarnitine field. The WikiPathway was curated, metabolites and metabolic reactions were annotated, and references were included. We also provide a table for conversion between common names and abbreviations and systematic abbreviations linked to the LIPID MAPS or Human Metabolome Database.
ISSN:0862-8408
1802-9973
DOI:10.33549/physiolres.935261