Atypical Spindle Cell/Pleomorphic Lipomatous Tumor: A Review and Update

Atypical spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomatous tumor (ASCPLT) is a rare and recently described adipocytic neoplasm that primarily occurs in the subcutis of the limbs and limb girdles, particularly of middle-aged adults. It has locally recurrent potential if incompletely excised but no risk for distant...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancers 2024-09, Vol.16 (18), p.3146
Main Authors: Nishio, Jun, Nakayama, Shizuhide, Chijiiwa, Yoshiro, Koga, Mikiro, Aoki, Mikiko
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adipocytes
CD34 antigen
Cell cycle
Chromosomes
Desmin
Development and progression
Differential diagnosis
Gene amplification
Gene deletion
Genetic transformation
Giant cells
Histopathology
Immunoreactivity
Lipoma
Liposarcoma
Magnetic resonance imaging
MDM2 protein
Metastases
Metastasis
Morphology
Neoplasia
Pathogenesis
Proteins
Retinoblastoma protein
Review
S100 protein
Tomography
Tumor cells
Tumors
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Description
Summary:Atypical spindle cell/pleomorphic lipomatous tumor (ASCPLT) is a rare and recently described adipocytic neoplasm that primarily occurs in the subcutis of the limbs and limb girdles, particularly of middle-aged adults. It has locally recurrent potential if incompletely excised but no risk for distant metastasis. ASCPLT is histologically similar to spindle cell/pleomorphic lipoma and atypical lipomatous tumor and shows a mixture of atypical spindle cells, adipocytes, lipoblasts, floret-like multinucleated giant cells, and/or pleomorphic cells. It has been recently recognized that ASCPLT can undergo sarcomatous transformation. However, the biological significance of morphological sarcomatous transformation in ASCPLT remains uncertain. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells show variable expression of CD34, S-100 protein, and desmin. Loss of nuclear Rb expression is observed in the majority of cases. ASCPLT lacks gene amplification but can show gene deletion in a significant subset of cases. Complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice. This review provides an overview of the current knowledge on the clinicoradiological features, pathogenesis, histopathology, and treatment of ASCPLT. In addition, we will discuss the differential diagnosis of this new entity.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers16183146