Cell-Free DNA Hydroxymethylation in Cancer: Current and Emerging Detection Methods and Clinical Applications

In the era of precision oncology, identifying abnormal genetic and epigenetic alterations has transformed the way cancer is diagnosed, managed, and treated. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is an emerging epigenetic modification formed through the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by ten-eleven tran...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Genes 2024-09, Vol.15 (9), p.1160
Main Authors: Li, Janice J N, Liu, Geoffrey, Lok, Benjamin H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
5-Methylcytosine - analogs & derivatives
5-Methylcytosine - metabolism
Biomarkers
Biomarkers, Tumor - genetics
Cancer
Cell-Free Nucleic Acids - genetics
Chromatography
Demethylation
Deoxyribonucleic acid
DNA
DNA Methylation
Enzymes
Epigenesis, Genetic
Epigenetic inheritance
Epigenetics
Gene expression
Gene regulation
Genes
Genetic aspects
Genetic research
Genomes
Humans
Metastasis
Neoplasms - diagnosis
Neoplasms - genetics
Oxidation
Precision medicine
Review
Stem cells
Technology application
Translocase
Citations: Items that this one cites
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Summary:In the era of precision oncology, identifying abnormal genetic and epigenetic alterations has transformed the way cancer is diagnosed, managed, and treated. 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5hmC) is an emerging epigenetic modification formed through the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine (5mC) by ten-eleven translocase (TET) enzymes. DNA hydroxymethylation exhibits tissue- and cancer-specific patterns and is essential in DNA demethylation and gene regulation. Recent advancements in 5hmC detection methods and the discovery of 5hmC in cell-free DNA (cfDNA) have highlighted the potential for cell-free 5hmC as a cancer biomarker. This review explores the current and emerging techniques and applications of DNA hydroxymethylation in cancer, particularly in the context of cfDNA.
ISSN:2073-4425
2073-4425
DOI:10.3390/genes15091160