Bio-Epoxy Resins Based on Lignin and Tannic Acids as Wood Adhesives-Characterization and Bonding Properties

The possibility of producing and designing bio-epoxides based on the natural polyphenol lignin/epoxidized lignin and tannic acids for application as wood adhesives is presented in this work. Lignin and tannic acids contain numerous reactive hydroxyl phenolic moieties capable of being efficiently inv...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Polymers 2024-09, Vol.16 (18), p.2602
Main Authors: Gavrilović-Grmuša, Ivana, Rančić, Milica, Tešić, Tamara, Stupar, Stevan, Milošević, Milena, Gržetić, Jelena
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Acids
Adhesive bonding
Adhesives
Adhesives and sealants industry
Amines
Bisphenol A
Bond strength
Crosslinking
Curing
Epoxy resins
Hardeners
Lignin
Medical research
Medicine, Experimental
Molecular weight
Natural resources
Phenols
Polymers
Raw materials
Serbia
Shear strength
Strength testing
Tannic acid
Wood products
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Summary:The possibility of producing and designing bio-epoxides based on the natural polyphenol lignin/epoxidized lignin and tannic acids for application as wood adhesives is presented in this work. Lignin and tannic acids contain numerous reactive hydroxyl phenolic moieties capable of being efficiently involved in the reaction with commercial epoxy resins as a substitute for commercial, non-environmentally friendly, toxic amine-based hardeners. Furthermore, lignin was epoxidized in order to obtain an epoxy lignin that can be a replacement for diglycidyl ether bisphenol A (DGEBA). Cross-linking of bio-epoxy epoxides was investigated via FTIR spectroscopy and their prospects for wood adhesive application were evaluated. This study determined that the curing reaction of epoxy resin can be conducted using lignin/epoxy lignin or tannic acid. Tensile shear strength testing results showed that lignin and tannic acid can effectively replace amine hardeners in epoxy resins. Examination of the failure of the samples showed that all samples had a 100% fracture through the wood. All samples of bio-epoxy adhesives displayed significant tensile shear strength in the range of 5.84-10.87 MPa. This study presents an innovative approach to creating novel cross-linked networks of eco-friendly and high-performance wood bio-adhesives.
ISSN:2073-4360
2073-4360
DOI:10.3390/polym16182602