Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Presenting as Isolated Thrombocytopenia: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a low platelet count, which can lead to increased bleeding and bruising. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organ systems and often presents with various hematolo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Curēus (Palo Alto, CA) CA), 2024-08, Vol.16 (8), p.e68354
Main Authors: Tahir, Sophia, Ashraf, Naufin N, Rizwanullah, Elessawy, Hashem, Khan, Sohail, Hamad, Samah Badr, Khan, Waqar
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Anemia
Anorexia
Antibodies
Autoimmune diseases
Blood platelets
Blood tests
Bone marrow
Case reports
Drug dosages
Emergency medical care
Hematology
Hospitals
Internal Medicine
Laboratories
Lupus
Medical research
Patients
Purpura
Rheumatology
Steroids
Substance abuse treatment
Thrombocytopenia
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Summary:Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by a low platelet count, which can lead to increased bleeding and bruising. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a chronic autoimmune disease that can affect multiple organ systems and often presents with various hematologic abnormalities, including thrombocytopenia. A 32-year-old woman presented to the emergency department with petechiae, extensive ecchymosis, rectal bleeding, generalized body aches, anorexia, and weakness. Despite showing no clinical features of SLE, laboratory findings revealed severe thrombocytopenia and anemia. Initial treatment with low-dose steroids showed no improvement, but a high-dose steroid regimen significantly increased her platelet count. Further investigations revealed elevated ANA and positive anti-dsDNA, leading to a diagnosis of isolated thrombocytopenia as the initial manifestation of SLE. The subsequent findings of elevated ANA and positive anti-dsDNA confirmed the diagnosis of SLE, with ITP as its initial manifestation. This case underscores the importance of considering underlying autoimmune diseases in patients presenting with isolated thrombocytopenia after ruling out other causes. Early recognition and appropriate treatment of autoimmune conditions like SLE can significantly improve patient outcomes, even when initial presentations are atypical.
ISSN:2168-8184
2168-8184
DOI:10.7759/cureus.68354