Techno-economic assessment of different small-scale electrochemical NH3 production plants

Electrochemical ammonia synthesis via the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has been poised as one of the promising technologies for the sustainable production of green ammonia. In this work, we developed extensive process models of fully integrated electrochemical NH3 production plants at small sca...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Energy & environmental science 2024-10, Vol.17 (21), p.7983-7998
Main Authors: Izelaar, Boaz, Ramdin, Mahinder, Vlierboom, Alexander, Pérez-Fortes, Mar, Deanne van der Slikke, Asvin Sajeev Kumar, Wiebren de Jong, Mulder, Fokko M, Kortlever, Ruud
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Ammonia
Chemical reduction
Chemical synthesis
Chemistry
Competitiveness
Economics
Electricity pricing
Electrochemistry
Heat exchangers
High temperature
Lithium
Plant layout
Reforming
Steam electric power generation
Sustainable production
Temperature requirements
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Summary:Electrochemical ammonia synthesis via the nitrogen reduction reaction (NRR) has been poised as one of the promising technologies for the sustainable production of green ammonia. In this work, we developed extensive process models of fully integrated electrochemical NH3 production plants at small scale (91 tonnes per day), including their techno-economic assessments, for (Li-)mediated, direct and indirect NRR pathways at ambient and elevated temperatures, which were compared with electrified and steam-methane reforming (SMR) Haber–Bosch processes. The levelized cost of ammonia (LCOA) of aqueous NRR at ambient conditions only becomes comparable with SMR Haber–Bosch at very optimistic electrolyzer performance parameters (FE > 80% at j ≥ 0.3 A cm−2) and electricity prices (
ISSN:1754-5692
1754-5706
DOI:10.1039/d4ee03299c