The Utility of Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy in Elderly Patients with Melanoma

• Published in: Annals of surgical oncology 2024-11, Vol.31 (12), p.8230-8239
• Main Authors: Kakish, Hanna, Jung, Carmen A., Doh, Susan J., Mulligan, Kathleen M., Sheng, Iris, Ammori, John B., Mangla, Ankit, Hoehn, Richard S., Rothermel, Luke D.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Age; Aged; Aged, 80 and over; Biopsy; Epidemiology; Female; Follow-Up Studies; Humans; Lymph nodes; Lymphatic Metastasis; Lymphatic system; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Melanoma; Melanoma - mortality; Melanoma - pathology; Melanoma - surgery; Oncology; Prognosis; Regression analysis; Retrospective Studies; SEER Program; Sentinel Lymph Node - pathology; Sentinel Lymph Node - surgery; Sentinel Lymph Node Biopsy - statistics & numerical data; Skin Neoplasms - mortality; Skin Neoplasms - pathology; Skin Neoplasms - surgery; Surgery; Surgical Oncology; Survival; Survival Rate
• ISSN: 1068-9265; 1534-4681; 1534-4681
• DOI: 10.1245/s10434-024-15684-0

Background Sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) is performed less often for older patients with melanoma. We investigated the association of SLNB and melanoma-specific survival (MSS) in the elderly. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER: 2010–2019) for patients ≥ 70 years with cT2-4N0M0 melanoma. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazard models to evaluate the impact of SLNB performance and SLN status on MSS at increasing age cutoffs. In addition, we evaluated the association of different factors with SLNB performance using multivariable logistic regression. Results We identified 11,548 patients. Sentinel lymph node biopsy occurred in 6754 (58.5%) patients, 1050 (15.5%) of whom had a positive SLN. On adjusted SEER analysis, a negative SLN was independently associated with improved MSS (overall hazard ratio [HR] 0.59, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.63–0.67) for patients up to 87 years old. Positive SLNB was independently associated with inferior MSS (HR 1.71, 95% CI 1.93–1.98). Increasing age groups were significantly associated with decreased SLNB performance. Conclusions Sentinel lymph node biopsy is associated with cancer-specific survival and adds prognostic information for elderly patients with melanoma. Sentinel lymph node biopsy performance should not be eliminated in elderly patients based on age alone, unless justified by poor performance status, patient preference, or other surgical contraindications. Decreased SLNB performance with increasing age in our cohort may indicate a missed therapeutic opportunity in the care of elderly patients with melanoma.