Recent Progress on Cellulose‐Based Ionic Compounds for Biomaterials

• Published in: Advanced materials (Weinheim) 2021-07, Vol.33 (28), p.e2000717-n/a
• Main Authors: Yang, Yang, Lu, Yi‐Tung, Zeng, Kui, Heinze, Thomas, Groth, Thomas, Zhang, Kai
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Biocompatible Materials - chemistry; biomaterials; Biomedical materials; Cellulose; Cellulose - chemistry; Controlled release; Functional groups; Glycosaminoglycans; Humans; ionic; Ions - chemistry; Materials science; nanocellulose; Polysaccharides; Review; Reviews; Tissue engineering; Tissue Engineering - methods
• ISSN: 0935-9648; 1521-4095; 1521-4095
• DOI: 10.1002/adma.202000717

Glycans play important roles in all major kingdoms of organisms, such as archea, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. Cellulose, the most abundant polysaccharide on the Earth, plays a predominant role for mechanical stability in plants, and finds a plethora of applications by humans. Beyond traditional use, biomedical application of cellulose becomes feasible with advances of soluble cellulose derivatives with diverse functional moieties along the backbone and modified nanocellulose with versatile functional groups on the surface due to the native features of cellulose as both cellulose chains and supramolecular ordered domains as extractable nanocellulose. With the focus on ionic cellulose‐based compounds involving both these groups primarily for biomedical applications, a brief introduction about glycoscience and especially native biologically active glycosaminoglycans with specific biomedical application areas on humans is given, which inspires further development of bioactive compounds from glycans. Then, both polymeric cellulose derivatives and nanocellulose‐based compounds synthesized as versatile biomaterials for a large variety of biomedical applications, such as for wound dressings, controlled release, encapsulation of cells and enzymes, and tissue engineering, are separately described, regarding the diverse routes of synthesis and the established and suggested applications for these highly interesting materials. Ionic cellulose‐based compounds as either polymeric cellulose derivatives or ionic nanocellulose have gained tremendous attention within the last years due to their remarkable properties, especially their biological properties. Recent advances about various ionic cellulose‐based compounds with diverse functional moieties either along the cellulose chains or on the surface of nanocellulose for biomedical applications are systematically summarized.