Date yogurt supplemented with Lactobacillus rhamnosus (ATCC 53103) encapsulated in wild sage (Salvia macrosiphon) mucilage and sodium alginate by extrusion: The survival and viability against the gastrointestinal condition, cold storage, heat, and salt with low pH

• Published in: Food science & nutrition 2024-10, Vol.12 (10), p.7630-7643
• Main Authors: Abbasi Saadi, Mahsa, Sekhavatizadeh, Seyed Saeed, Barzegar, Hassan, Alizadeh Behbahani, Behrooz, Mehrnia, Mohammad Amin
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acidity; Alginic acid; Bacteria; Cold storage; Dairy products; Environmental conditions; Extrusion; Food; Functional foods & nutraceuticals; Gastrointestinal system; Gastrointestinal tract; heat stress; Lactobacilli; Lactobacillus rhamnosus; Lactose; Microencapsulation; Mucilage; Original; Polymers; Probiotics; Salvia macrosiphon; Seeds; Sensory evaluation; Sensory properties; simulated gasterointestinal condition; Sodium; Sodium alginate; Survivability; Survival; Yogurt
• ISSN: 2048-7177; 2048-7177
• DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.4304

The efficacy of probiotics in providing health benefits may be related to their ability to survive at a sufficient concentration of 106 CFU/g during storage in food and colonization in the gastrointestinal tract. Microencapsulation is a viable method to improve the survivability of probiotics under harsh environmental conditions. In this research, microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus (MLR) was produced by a two‐layer extrusion technique with sodium alginate and wild sage (Salvia macrosiphon) mucilage (SMM) in varying concentrations ranging from 0.2% to 0.8% as the first and second wall materials, respectively. The microencapsulation efficiency and second layer diameter of beads increased significantly with the increase in SMM concentrations. Microencapsulated Lactobacillus rhamnosus (LR) maintained its minimal concentration (6 log CFU/g) during 9 min at 72°C. The MLR‐date yogurt (DY) sample had the lowest pH, highest acidity, and highest survival rate among the others at the end of storage. In simulated gastrointestinal conditions (SGC), the survival rates of free LR (FLR) and MLR were 45% and 47% on the 14th day of storage, respectively. In sensory properties, MLR had the highest score in odor and texture parameters but not in others. The MLR viscosity (666.3 mPa·s−1) and SEM images show a relatively denser structure for MLR. In conclusion, this study emphasized the potential of using double‐layered beads to protect probiotics, providing valuable inspiration for developing new functional foods with higher survival ability in harsh conditions. MLR maintained its minimal concentration (6 log CFU/g) for 9 min at 72°C. The use of alginate and SMM can protect LR against harsh environmental conditions. MLR‐DY sample had the lowest pH, highest acidity, denser structure, and highest survival rate among the others on the 28th day of storage.