Soluble Proteoglycans and Proteoglycan Fragments as Biomarkers of Pathological Extracellular Matrix Remodeling

ABSTRACT Proteoglycans and their proteolytic fragments diffuse into biological fluids such as plasma, serum, urine, or synovial fluid, where they can be detected by antibodies or mass‐spectrometry. Neopeptides generated by the proteolysis of proteoglycans are recognized by specific neoepitope antibo...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proteoglycan research 2024-10, Vol.2 (4), p.e70011-n/a
Main Authors: Kemberi, Marsioleda, Minns, Alexander F., Santamaria, Salvatore
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
ADAMTS
aggrecan
Comprehensive Review
matrix metalloproteinases
neoepitope antibodies
proteases
proteoglycans
shedding
syndecans
versican
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Summary:ABSTRACT Proteoglycans and their proteolytic fragments diffuse into biological fluids such as plasma, serum, urine, or synovial fluid, where they can be detected by antibodies or mass‐spectrometry. Neopeptides generated by the proteolysis of proteoglycans are recognized by specific neoepitope antibodies and can act as a proxy for the activity of certain proteases. Proteoglycan and proteoglycan fragments can be potentially used as prognostic, diagnostic, or theragnostic biomarkers for several diseases characterized by dysregulated extracellular matrix remodeling such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, atherosclerosis, thoracic aortic aneurysms, central nervous system disorders, viral infections, and cancer. Here, we review the main mechanisms accounting for the presence of soluble proteoglycans and their fragments in biological fluids, their potential application as diagnostic, prognostic, or theragnostic biomarkers, and highlight challenges and opportunities ahead of their clinical translation.
ISSN:2832-3556
2832-3556
DOI:10.1002/pgr2.70011