Relationship Between Loss of Y Chromosome and Urologic Cancers: New Future Perspectives

The Y chromosome (ChrY) is essential for male sex determination and spermatogenesis. However, recent studies have revealed its broader role in various physiological processes and disease susceptibility, including cancer. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases like MEDLINE, S...

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Published in:Cancers 2024-11, Vol.16 (22), p.3766
Main Authors: Russo, Pierluigi, Bizzarri, Francesco Pio, Filomena, Giovanni Battista, Marino, Filippo, Iacovelli, Roberto, Ciccarese, Chiara, Boccuto, Luigi, Ragonese, Mauro, Gavi, Filippo, Rossi, Francesco, Savoia, Cosimo, Suraci, Paolo Pietro, Falabella, Roberto, Pandolfo, Savio Domenico, Napolitano, Luigi, Leoni, Chiara, Trevisan, Valentina, Palermo, Giuseppe, Racioppi, Marco, Sacco, Emilio, Muselaers, Stijn, Foschi, Nazario
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Angiogenesis
Bladder cancer
Cancer
Carcinogens
Care and treatment
Disease
Epigenetics
Females
Gene expression
Genetic aspects
Genomes
Genomic instability
Immune response
Kidney cancer
Males
Medical prognosis
Metastasis
Mutation
Prognosis
Review
Sex determination
Tumors
Y chromosomes
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Summary:The Y chromosome (ChrY) is essential for male sex determination and spermatogenesis. However, recent studies have revealed its broader role in various physiological processes and disease susceptibility, including cancer. A comprehensive literature review was conducted using databases like MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The review included clinical and preclinical studies in animals and humans focusing on the role of LoY in urological tumors. Data on the frequency of LoY, its clinical implications, and underlying mechanisms were extracted and analyzed. The evidence suggests that LoY is associated with an increased risk of urologic neoplasms, potentially serving as an early marker of genomic instability. Studies reveal that LoY in urologic cancers correlates with worse survival outcomes and may contribute to tumor progression. LoY may interfere with chromatin structure and epigenetic regulation, suggesting its role as a contributor to early tumorigenesis. : LoY appears to be a structural aberration with unique biological and clinical relevance in urologic cancers, possibly serving as a biomarker for genomic instability. Further research is necessary to identify specific Y-linked genes affected by LoY, potentially informing targeted therapies and early diagnostic strategies for these cancers.
ISSN:2072-6694
2072-6694
DOI:10.3390/cancers16223766