Investigating the role of salivary Interleukin‐40 levels in diagnosing periodontal diseases

• Published in: Oral diseases 2024-11, Vol.30 (8), p.5315-5325
• Main Authors: Babun, Fatma Köksel, Kayar, Nezahat Arzu, Hatipoğlu, Mükerrem
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Biomarkers; Biomarkers - analysis; Case-Control Studies; Exocrine glands; Female; Gingivitis; Gingivitis - diagnosis; Gingivitis - metabolism; Gum disease; Humans; Interleukin-1beta - analysis; Interleukin‐1β; Interleukin‐40; Male; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 - analysis; Matrix Metalloproteinase 8 - metabolism; Middle Aged; MMP‐8; Original; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Periodontitis - diagnosis; Periodontitis - metabolism; Saliva; Saliva - chemistry; Young Adult
• ISSN: 1354-523X; 1601-0825; 1601-0825
• DOI: 10.1111/odi.14936

Background The present study aimed to analyze IL‐40, IL‐1β, and MMP‐8 levels in periodontitis as well as gingivitis and periodontal health, and to explore potential correlations between these biomarkers and standard clinical parameters. Materials and methods We collected saliva samples from 120 systemically healthy, non‐smoking individuals aged between 18 and 63 years. These individuals were divided into three groups: healthy controls [S], gingivitis [G], and stage III grade B periodontitis [P]. IL‐40, IL‐1β, and MMP‐8 levels in saliva samples were analyzed by ELISA. Results We observed significantly elevated salivary IL‐40 levels in the G group compared to the S group (p = 0.003). We found significantly higher salivary IL‐1β levels in the P group compared to both the S and G groups (p = 0.000). Salivary MMP‐8 levels were significantly higher in the P group than in the S group (p = 0.016). Conclusion Our study suggests that IL‐40 and IL‐1β may serve as effective salivary biomarkers for diagnosing gingivitis, while MMP‐8 and IL‐1β may be effective for distinguishing periodontitis. Based on our study's findings, it can be stated that IL‐40 may serve as a new and effective biomarker for distinguishing individuals with gingivitis from healthy ones.