Digital Educational Strategies to Teach Skin Self-examination to Individuals at Risk for Skin Cancer

• Published in: Journal of health communication 2022-12, Vol.27 (11-12), p.790-800
• Main Authors: Niu, Zhaomeng, Heckman, Carolyn J.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adult; Between-subjects design; Cartoons; Customization; Educational materials; Educational programs; Female; Humans; Imagery; Intention; Lesions; Male; Medical diagnosis; Melanoma; Melanoma - diagnosis; Melanoma - prevention & control; Personality; Self-Examination; Selfexamination; Skin cancer; Skin melanoma; Skin Neoplasms - diagnosis; Skin Neoplasms - prevention & control; Surveys and Questionnaires; United States
• ISSN: 1081-0730; 1087-0415; 1087-0415
• DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2157910

Skin cancer is the most common cancer in the United States, and early detection of melanoma may lead to diagnosis of thinner and more treatable cancers, resulting in improved survival rates. This study examined the effects of message interactivity (high vs. low) and imagery (cartoon, real human character, or customized imagery preference) on accuracy of identifying abnormal skin lesions (ASL) and skin self-examination (SSE) intention. This study employed a 3 (cartoon character vs. real person vs. customization) x 2 (high interactivity vs. low interactivity) between-subjects online experimental design. Participants at risk for skin cancer were randomly assigned to one of the six conditions and completed a survey after reviewing the educational materials. Univariate analyses were conducted to detect group differences on the accuracy of identifying ASL and intention to conduct SSE in the next 3 months. Among 321 participants who completed the study, the mean age was 36.61 years, 56.7% were females, 76.1% had a college or higher degree, and over 60% self-identified as non-Hispanic White. Individuals in the high interactivity and customization group (compared to the low interactivity and cartoon group) were more likely to accurately identify ASL. Individuals in the high interactivity and customization or low interactivity and real person imagery groups (compared to the low interactivity and cartoon group) reported higher intention to conduct SSE in the next 3 months. These results suggest that customization and interactivity may be beneficial for educational programs or intervention design to improve both melanoma identification and SSE intention.