Deciphering a Single‐cell atlas and loss‐of‐function analysis revealing ABCA7’s transcriptome insights in Alzheimer’s disease

• Published in: Alzheimer's & dementia 2025-01, Vol.20 (Suppl 1), p.n/a
• Main Authors: De Deyn, Lara, Duchateau, Lena, Watzeels, Tijs, Vicente, Cristina, Van Dongen, Jasper, Bijnens, Baukje, De Pooter, Tim, De Rijk, Peter, Strazisar, Mojca, Vandenberghe, Wim, Thal, Dietmar Rudolf, Mancuso, Renzo, Rademakers, Rosa, Küçükali, Fahri, Sleegers, Kristel
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Basic Science and Pathogenesis
• ISSN: 1552-5260; 1552-5279
• DOI: 10.1002/alz.092265

Background ABCA7, an important risk gene for AD, encodes a transporter implicated in lipid transport and phagocytosis, and its disruptions have been linked to AD pathogenesis. However, the impact of these mutations on AD risk is complex due to their interaction with a multifaceted transcriptional architecture and cell type‐specificexpression patterns. This study aims to analyze the intricate patterns of ABCA7 expression across diverse cell types, considering various ABCA7 genotypes in relation to AD patients and non‐carrier controls, while also exploring the effects of ABCA7 mutations on transcriptome‐wide gene expression. Method To address this complexity, we performed droplet‐based single‐nuclei RNA sequencing on BA10 brain samples (ABCA7 mutation carriers [n = 9], non‐carrier AD patients [n = 6], and non‐carrier control [n = 8]) using 10x Chromium library preparation followed by sequencing on a NovaSeq6000 platform. Cell type annotation was performed using scSorter. Differential gene expression was analyzed using limma‐voom, and pathway analyses were performed using fgsea in R across cell types and studied groups. Result We obtained over 400,000 nuclei across 23 samples. Excitatory neurons had the highest proportion of cells expressing ABCA7. However, the highest average expression of ABCA7 was noted in microglia. We detected numerous differentially expressed genes between carrier and non‐carrier AD patients (pval_FDR_adj < 0.05 & abs(logFC) >1). Pathway analysis revealed a notable decrease in the expression of translation‐related genes in microglia, including those associated with nonsense‐mediated mRNA decay, in individuals carrying the mutation. Conclusion In conclusion, our study unveils distinctive patterns of ABCA7 expression and enriched pathways across major brain cell types, suggesting different roles of ABCA7 in different cell types.