Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience: Transformative Synergies in Brain Research and Clinical Applications

The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and neuroscience is redefining our understanding of the brain, unlocking new possibilities in research, diagnosis, and therapy. This review explores how AI's cutting-edge algorithms-ranging from deep learning to neuromorphic computing-are revoluti...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of clinical medicine 2025-01, Vol.14 (2), p.550
Main Authors: Onciul, Razvan, Tataru, Catalina-Ioana, Dumitru, Adrian Vasile, Crivoi, Carla, Serban, Matei, Covache-Busuioc, Razvan-Adrian, Radoi, Mugurel Petrinel, Toader, Corneliu
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Artificial intelligence
Brain research
Collaboration
Deep learning
Neural networks
Neuroimaging
Review
Signal processing
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Summary:The convergence of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and neuroscience is redefining our understanding of the brain, unlocking new possibilities in research, diagnosis, and therapy. This review explores how AI's cutting-edge algorithms-ranging from deep learning to neuromorphic computing-are revolutionizing neuroscience by enabling the analysis of complex neural datasets, from neuroimaging and electrophysiology to genomic profiling. These advancements are transforming the early detection of neurological disorders, enhancing brain-computer interfaces, and driving personalized medicine, paving the way for more precise and adaptive treatments. Beyond applications, neuroscience itself has inspired AI innovations, with neural architectures and brain-like processes shaping advances in learning algorithms and explainable models. This bidirectional exchange has fueled breakthroughs such as dynamic connectivity mapping, real-time neural decoding, and closed-loop brain-computer systems that adaptively respond to neural states. However, challenges persist, including issues of data integration, ethical considerations, and the "black-box" nature of many AI systems, underscoring the need for transparent, equitable, and interdisciplinary approaches. By synthesizing the latest breakthroughs and identifying future opportunities, this review charts a path forward for the integration of AI and neuroscience. From harnessing multimodal data to enabling cognitive augmentation, the fusion of these fields is not just transforming brain science, it is reimagining human potential. This partnership promises a future where the mysteries of the brain are unlocked, offering unprecedented advancements in healthcare, technology, and beyond.
ISSN:2077-0383
2077-0383
DOI:10.3390/jcm14020550