Periostin from Tumor Stromal Cells Might Be Associated with Malignant Progression of Colorectal Cancer via Smad2/3

• Published in: Cancers 2025-02, Vol.17 (3), p.551
• Main Authors: Fan, Canfeng, Wang, Qiang, Kanei, Saki, Kawabata, Kyoka, Nishikubo, Hinano, Aoyama, Rika, Zhu, Zhonglin, Imanishi, Daiki, Sakuma, Takashi, Maruo, Koji, Tsujio, Gen, Yamamoto, Yurie, Fukuoka, Tatsunari, Yashiro, Masakazu
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Angiogenesis; Antibodies; Cancer; Colorectal cancer; Colorectal carcinoma; Extracellular matrix; Lymphatic system; Metastasis; Multivariate analysis; Patients; Signal transduction; Smad protein; Smad2 protein; Stromal cells; Surgery
• ISSN: 2072-6694; 2072-6694
• DOI: 10.3390/cancers17030551

Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment have been reported to be closely associated with tumor progression in various types of cancer, including colorectal cancer (CRC). Periostin, a matricellular protein, was reported to be expressed on both cancer cells and surrounding tumor stromal cells, such as CAFs, and is regulated by Smad2/3 signaling. In this study, we aimed to clarify the clinicopathologic significance of periostin and Smad2/3 expression in CRC, with a particular focus on the tumor microenvironment. A total of 351 CRC patients were enrolled according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The expressions of periostin and Smad2/3 in the tumor specimens were examined by immunohistochemistry. Periostin expression of CAFs and cancer cells in the 351 CRC cases was observed at 36.8% and 0.6%, respectively. Smad2/3 expression of CAFs and cancer cells was observed in 41.0% and 90.0%, respectively. In CAFs, high periostin expression was significantly correlated with high Smad2/3 expression, increased invasion depth, lymph node metastasis, venous invasion, advanced disease stage, and a higher rate of relapse. The prognoses of patients with periostin-positive CAFs were significantly poorer than those with periostin-negative CAFs ( < 0.001). The survival outcomes of stage 3 CRC patients with co-expression of periostin and Smad2/3 were significantly worse compared to those with stage 2 CRC. In the stage 3 group, multivariate analysis revealed that periostin was an independent prognostic factor, while univariate analysis showed that both periostin and Smad2/3 were significantly correlated with poor survival. These findings suggest that periostin is expressed mainly in CAFs in CRC and is correlated with Smad2/3 expression in CAFs. Periostin from CAFs might be associated with the malignant progression of CRC via Smad2/3 signaling.