Solution 1H nuclear magnetic resonance determination of the distal pocket structure of cyanomet complexes of genetically engineered sperm whale myoglobin His64 (E7)-->Val, Thr67 (E10)-->Arg. The role of distal hydrogen bonding by Arg67 (E10) in modulating ligand tilt

• Published in: Biophysical journal 1993-11, Vol.65 (5), p.2178-2190
• Main Authors: Qin, J., La Mar, G.N., Cutruzzolá, F., Allocatelli, C.T., Brancaccio, A., Brunori, M.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Amino Acid Sequence; Analytical, structural and metabolic biochemistry; Animals; Binding Sites; Biological and medical sciences; Biophysical Phenomena; Biophysics; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Heme - chemistry; Hemoproteins; Hydrogen Bonding; Ligands; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; Magnetics; Metalloproteins; Metmyoglobin - analogs & derivatives; Metmyoglobin - chemistry; Metmyoglobin - genetics; Molecular Sequence Data; Molecular Structure; Point Mutation; Protein Engineering; Proteins; Whales
• ISSN: 0006-3495; 1542-0086
• DOI: 10.1016/S0006-3495(93)81270-0

Sequence-specific 2D methodology has been used to assign the 1H NMR signals for all active site residues in the paramagnetic cyano-met complexes of sperm whale synthetic double mutant His64[E7]-->Val/Thr67[E10]-->Arg (VR-met-MbCN) and triple mutant His64[E7]-->Val/Thr67[E10]-->Arg/Arg45[CD3]-->Asn (VRN-metMbCN). The resulting dipolar shifts for noncoordinated proximal side residues were used to quantitatively determine the orientation of the paramagnetic susceptibility tensor in the molecular framework for the two mutants, which were found indistinguishable but distinct from those of both wild-type and the His64[E7]-->Val single point mutant (V-metMbCN). The observed dipolar shifts for the E helix backbone protons and Phe43[CD1], together with steady-state nuclear Overhauser effect between the E helix and the heme, were analyzed to show that both the E helix and Phe43[CD1] move slightly closer to the iron to minimize the vacancy resulting from the His64[E7]-->Val substitution, as found in V-metMbCN (Rajarathnam, K., J. Qin, G.N. LaMar, M. L. Chiu, and S. G. Sligar. 1993. Biochemistry. 32:5670–5680). The dipolar shifts of the mutated Val64[E7] and Arg67[E10] allow the determination of their orientations relative to the heme, and the latter residue is shown to insert into the pocket and provide a hydrogen bond to the coordinated ligand, as found in the naturally occurring ValE7/ArgE10 genetic variant, Aplysia limacina Mb. The oxy-complex of both A. limacina Mb and VR-Mb, VRN-Mb have been proposed to be stabilized by this hydrogen bonding interaction (Travaglini Allocatelli, C. et al. 1993. Biochemistry. 32:6041–6049). The magnitude of the tilt of the major magnetic axes from the heme normal in VR-metMbCN and VRN-metMbCN, which is related to the tilt of the ligand, is the same as in wild-type or V-metMbCN, but the direction of tilt is altered from that in V-metMbCN. It is concluded that the change in the direction of the ligand tilt in both the double and triple mutants, as compared to WT metMbCN and V-metMbCN single mutant, is due to the attractive hydrogen-bonding between ArgE10 and the bound cyanide.