Intravenous contrast medium aggravates the impairment of pancreatic microcirculation in necrotizing pancreatitis in the rat

• Published in: Annals of surgery 1995-03, Vol.221 (3), p.257-264
• Main Authors: SCHMIDT, J, HOTZ, H. G, FOITZIK, T, RYSCHICH, E, BUHR, H. J, WARSHAW, A. L, HERFARTH, C, KLAR, E
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Acute Disease; Animals; Biological and medical sciences; Capillaries - drug effects; Capillaries - physiopathology; Contrast Media - adverse effects; Drug toxicity and drugs side effects treatment; Enzyme Activation; Iopamidol - adverse effects; Male; Medical sciences; Necrosis; Pancreas - blood supply; Pancreatitis - physiopathology; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Rats; Rats, Wistar; Toxicity: digestive system; Trypsinogen - metabolism
• ISSN: 0003-4932; 1528-1140
• DOI: 10.1097/00000658-199503000-00007

Previous reports demonstrated that radiographic contrast medium, as used in contrast-enhanced computed tomography, increases acinar necrosis and mortality in experimental pancreatitis. The authors studied the possibility that these changes may be related to an additional impairment of pancreatic microcirculation. Fifty Wistar rats had acute pancreatitis induced by intraductal glycodeoxycholic acid (10 mmol/L for 10 min) and intravenous cerulein (5 micrograms/kg/hr for 6 hrs). After rehydration (16 mL/kg), pancreatic capillary perfusion was quantified by means of intravital microscopy at baseline before intravenous infusion of contrast medium (n = 25) or saline (n = 25), and 30 and 60 minutes thereafter. In addition to total capillary flow, capillaries were categorized as high- or low-flow (> or < 1.6 nL/min). Pancreatic capillary flow did not change in either high- or low-flow capillaries after saline infusion. However, contrast medium infusion induced a significant decrease of total capillary flow (p < 0.001). Analysis according to the relative flow rate revealed that this was primarily because of a significant additional reduction of perfusion in low-flow capillaries (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, complete capillary stasis was observed in 15.9 +/- 3.4% after contrast medium as compared with 3.2 +/- 1.2% after saline infusion (p < 0.006). Radiographic contrast medium aggravates the impairment of pancreatic microcirculation in experimental necrotizing pancreatitis.