FROM MOLECULAR TO MOLAR: A PARADIGM SHIFT IN BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS

A paradigm clash is occurring within behavior analysis. In the older paradigm, the molecular view, behavior consists of momentary or discrete responses that constitute instances of classes. Variation in response rate reflects variation in the strength or probability of the response class. The newer...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior 2002-07, Vol.78 (1), p.95-116
Main Author: Baum, William M.
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
atomism
Behavior
Biological Evolution
class
concrete/abstract
Conditioning (Psychology)
Humans
individual
Individuality
Knowledge
Models, Psychological
molar
molecular
Motivation
Psychology
resistance to change
Species Specificity
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Summary:A paradigm clash is occurring within behavior analysis. In the older paradigm, the molecular view, behavior consists of momentary or discrete responses that constitute instances of classes. Variation in response rate reflects variation in the strength or probability of the response class. The newer paradigm, the molar view, sees behavior as composed of activities that take up varying amounts of time. Whereas the molecular view takes response rate and choice to be “derived” measures and hence ions, the molar view takes response rate and choice to be concrete temporally extended behavioral allocations and regards momentary “responses” as ions. Research findings that point to variation in tempo, asymmetry in concurrent performance, and paradoxical resistance to change are readily interpretable when seen in the light of reinforcement and stimulus control of extended behavioral allocations or activities. Seen in the light of the ontological distinction between classes and individuals, extended behavioral allocations, like species in evolutionary taxonomy, constitute individuals, entities that change without changing their identity. Seeing allocations as individuals implies that less extended activities constitute parts of larger wholes rather than instances of classes. Both laboratory research and everyday behavior are explained plausibly in the light of concrete extended activities and their nesting. The molecular view, because it requires discrete responses and contiguous events, relies on hypothetical stimuli and consequences to account for the same phenomena. One may prefer the molar view on grounds of elegance, integrative power, and plausibility.
ISSN:0022-5002
1938-3711
DOI:10.1901/jeab.2002.78-95