Overexpression of a Pattern-Recognition Receptor, Peptidoglycan-Recognition Protein-LE, Activates imd/Relish-Mediated Antibacterial Defense and the Prophenoloxidase Cascade in Drosophila Larvae

In Drosophila, microbial infection activates an antimicrobial defense system involving the activation of proteolytic cascades in the hemolymph and intracellular signaling pathways, the immune deficiency (imd) and Toll pathways, in immune-responsive tissues. The mechanisms for microbial recognition a...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences - PNAS 2002-10, Vol.99 (21), p.13705-13710
Main Authors: Takehana, Aya, Katsuyama, Tomonori, Yano, Tamaki, Oshima, Yoshiteru, Takada, Haruhiko, Aigaki, Toshiro, Kurata, Shoichiro
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Antibacterials
Antimicrobials
Base Sequence
Biological Sciences
Carrier Proteins - genetics
Carrier Proteins - immunology
Carrier Proteins - metabolism
Catechol Oxidase - metabolism
DNA - genetics
Drosophila
Drosophila - genetics
Drosophila - growth & development
Drosophila - immunology
Drosophila - metabolism
Drosophila Proteins - genetics
Drosophila Proteins - immunology
Drosophila Proteins - metabolism
Enzyme Precursors - metabolism
Fat body
Gene Expression
Genes, Insect
Hemolymph
Infections
Insect larvae
Larva - immunology
Larva - metabolism
Larvae
Melanization
Peptidoglycan - metabolism
Signal Transduction
Tolls
Transcription Factors - genetics
Transcription Factors - immunology
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Summary:In Drosophila, microbial infection activates an antimicrobial defense system involving the activation of proteolytic cascades in the hemolymph and intracellular signaling pathways, the immune deficiency (imd) and Toll pathways, in immune-responsive tissues. The mechanisms for microbial recognition are largely unknown. We report that, in larvae, the imd-mediated antibacterial defense is activated by peptidoglycan-recognition protein (PGRP)-LE, a PGRP-family member in Drosophila. Consistent with this, PGRP-LE binds to the diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan, a cell-wall component of the bacteria capable of activating the imd pathway, but not to the lysine-type peptidoglycan. Moreover, PGRP-LE activates the prophenoloxidase cascade, a proteolytic cascade in the hemolymph. Therefore, PGRP-LE acts as a pattern-recognition receptor to the diaminopimelic acid-type peptidoglycan and activates both the proteolytic cascade and intracellular signaling in Drosophila immunity.
ISSN:0027-8424
1091-6490
DOI:10.1073/pnas.212301199