DNA Strand Breaks in Human Nasal Respiratory Epithelium Are Induced upon Exposure to Urban Pollution

All organisms have the ability to respond and adapt to a myriad of environmental insults. The human respiratory epithelium, when exposed to oxidant gases in photochemical smog, is at risk of DNA damage and requires efficient cellular adaptative responses to resist the environmentally induced cell da...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Environmental health perspectives 1996-02, Vol.104 (2), p.160-168
Main Authors: Calderón-Garcidueñas, Lilian, Osnaya-Brizuela, Norma, Ramírez-Martínez, Leticia, Villarreal-Calderón, Anna
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Adults
Cell Survival
Cells
Child
Children
DNA Damage
DNA, Single-Stranded - drug effects
Endothelial cells
Environmental Exposure - adverse effects
Environmental Exposure - analysis
Epithelial cells
Epithelium
Female
Humans
Intestines
Male
Mexico
Nasal Mucosa - cytology
Nasal Mucosa - drug effects
Nose Diseases - chemically induced
Ozone
Ozone - adverse effects
Ozone - analysis
Urban Population
Volunteerism
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Summary:All organisms have the ability to respond and adapt to a myriad of environmental insults. The human respiratory epithelium, when exposed to oxidant gases in photochemical smog, is at risk of DNA damage and requires efficient cellular adaptative responses to resist the environmentally induced cell damage. Ozone and its reaction products induce in vitro and in vivo DNA single stand breaks (SSBs) in respiratory epithelial cells and alveolar macrophages. To determine if exposure to a polluted atmosphere with ozone as the main criteria pollutant induces SSBs in nasal epithelium, we studied 139 volunteers, including a control population of 19 children and 13 adult males who lived in a low-polluted Pacific port, 69 males and 16 children who were permanent residents of Southwest Metropolitan Mexico City (SWMMC), and 22 young males newly arrived to SWMMC and followed for 12 weeks. Respiratory symptoms, nasal cytology and histopathology, cell viabilities, and single-cell gel electrophoresis were investigated. Atmospheric pollutant data were obtained from a fixed-site monitoring station. SWMMC volunteers spent >7 hr/day outdoors and all had upper respiratory symptoms. A significant difference in the numbers of DNA-damaged nasal cells was observed between control and chronically exposed subjects, both in children (p
ISSN:0091-6765
1552-9924
DOI:10.1289/ehp.96104160