Loading…

Activation of insulin‐like growth factor I receptor‐mediated pathway by ginsenoside Rg1

Ginsenoside Rg1, an active ingredient in ginseng, was previously shown to be a novel class of potent phytoestrogen. The present study aims at investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in mediating its actions in human breast cancer (MCF‐7) cells. Rg1 (1 pM) stimulates cell proliferation (P

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Published in:British journal of pharmacology 2006-03, Vol.147 (5), p.542-551
Main Authors: Chen, Wen‐Fang, Lau, Wai‐Sum, Cheung, Pik‐Yuen, Guo, De‐An, Wong, Man‐Sau
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Citations: Items that this one cites
Items that cite this one
Online Access:Get full text
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
cited_by cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5551-15f598e63523c06aec9213eae0dda41131f0711d8f3ed977994780389ad49a83
cites cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5551-15f598e63523c06aec9213eae0dda41131f0711d8f3ed977994780389ad49a83
container_end_page 551
container_issue 5
container_start_page 542
container_title British journal of pharmacology
container_volume 147
creator Chen, Wen‐Fang
Lau, Wai‐Sum
Cheung, Pik‐Yuen
Guo, De‐An
Wong, Man‐Sau
description Ginsenoside Rg1, an active ingredient in ginseng, was previously shown to be a novel class of potent phytoestrogen. The present study aims at investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in mediating its actions in human breast cancer (MCF‐7) cells. Rg1 (1 pM) stimulates cell proliferation (P
doi_str_mv 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706640
format article
fullrecord <record><control><sourceid>proquest_pubme</sourceid><recordid>TN_cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_1616975</recordid><sourceformat>XML</sourceformat><sourcesystem>PC</sourcesystem><sourcerecordid>67718966</sourcerecordid><originalsourceid>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5551-15f598e63523c06aec9213eae0dda41131f0711d8f3ed977994780389ad49a83</originalsourceid><addsrcrecordid>eNqFkUFv1DAQhS0EotvClSOykOgtiyeO7fiCVCqglSqBUG8cLK8z2XXIxouddLU3fgK_kV-C0UYUuHDySO-b5zd6hDwDtgTG61epW6663ZIpJmXFHpAFVEoWgtfwkCwYY6oAqOsTcppSx1gWlXhMTkBWIDSwBfl84UZ_Z0cfBhpa6oc09X748e17778gXcewHze0tW4MkV7TiA53ecz6FhtvR2zozo6bvT3Q1YGu8zoOIfkG6ac1PCGPWtsnfDq_Z-T23dvby6vi5sP768uLm8IJIaAA0Qpdo-Si5I5Ji06XwNEiaxpbAXBomQJo6pZjo5XSulJ1vl3bptK25mfk9dF2N61yKofDGG1vdtFvbTyYYL35Wxn8xqzDnQEJUiuRDc5ngxi-TphGs_XJYd_bAcOUjFQKai1lBl_8A3ZhikO-zZSgQEshWYaWR8jFkFLE9ncSYOZXZyZ1Jndm5s7ywvM_89_jc0kZeDkDNjnbt9EOzqd7LsdjUOrM8SO39z0e_vOtefPxqpQM-E-tn7LD</addsrcrecordid><sourcetype>Open Access Repository</sourcetype><iscdi>true</iscdi><recordtype>article</recordtype><pqid>217196560</pqid></control><display><type>article</type><title>Activation of insulin‐like growth factor I receptor‐mediated pathway by ginsenoside Rg1</title><source>Open Access: PubMed Central</source><source>Wiley-Blackwell Read &amp; Publish Collection</source><creator>Chen, Wen‐Fang ; Lau, Wai‐Sum ; Cheung, Pik‐Yuen ; Guo, De‐An ; Wong, Man‐Sau</creator><creatorcontrib>Chen, Wen‐Fang ; Lau, Wai‐Sum ; Cheung, Pik‐Yuen ; Guo, De‐An ; Wong, Man‐Sau</creatorcontrib><description>Ginsenoside Rg1, an active ingredient in ginseng, was previously shown to be a novel class of potent phytoestrogen. The present study aims at investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in mediating its actions in human breast cancer (MCF‐7) cells. Rg1 (1 pM) stimulates cell proliferation (P&lt;0.01) and estrogen‐responsive pS2 mRNA expression (P&lt;0.05) without alteration of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) protein or mRNA expression in MCF‐7 cells. In addition, 10−14–10−4 M of Rg1 does not demonstrate specific binding to ERα. We hypothesize that Rg1 may exert its actions in MCF‐7 cell via the activation of crosstalk between ER‐ and insulin growth factor I receptor (IGF‐IR)‐dependent pathways. The results indicate that Rg1 significantly increases IGF‐IR expression and IGF‐IR promoter activity in MCF‐7 cells (P&lt;0.05). Cotreatment of MCF‐7 cells with 1 μM of estrogen antagonist ICI 182,780 completely abolishes the effects of Rg1 on IGF‐IR expression. Furthermore, Rg1 enhances tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS‐1 in MCF‐7 cells upon IGF‐I stimulation and the activation of IRS‐1 phosphorylation is also ER‐dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that Rg1 not only increases IGF‐IR expression but also enhances IGF‐IR‐mediated signaling pathways in MCF‐7 cells. The stimulation of IGF‐IR expression by Rg1 in MCF‐7 cells appears to require ER, and its actions might involve ligand‐independent activation of ER. British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 147, 542–551. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706640</description><identifier>ISSN: 0007-1188</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1476-5381</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0706640</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16415910</identifier><identifier>CODEN: BJPCBM</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><subject>Biological and medical sciences ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation - drug effects ; estrogen ; Estrogen Receptor alpha - physiology ; Ginsenoside Rg1 ; Ginsenosides - pharmacology ; Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics ; human breast cancer ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - pharmacology ; insulin‐like growth factor I receptor ; Mammary gland diseases ; Medical sciences ; Pharmacology. Drug treatments ; phytoestrogen ; Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 - drug effects ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 - genetics ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 - physiology ; RNA, Messenger - analysis ; Signal Transduction - drug effects ; Trefoil Factor-1 ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins - genetics ; Tumors</subject><ispartof>British journal of pharmacology, 2006-03, Vol.147 (5), p.542-551</ispartof><rights>2006 British Pharmacological Society</rights><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Copyright Nature Publishing Group Mar 2006</rights><rights>Copyright 2006, Nature Publishing Group 2006 Nature Publishing Group</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5551-15f598e63523c06aec9213eae0dda41131f0711d8f3ed977994780389ad49a83</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5551-15f598e63523c06aec9213eae0dda41131f0711d8f3ed977994780389ad49a83</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1616975/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1616975/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&amp;idt=17710129$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16415910$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Chen, Wen‐Fang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lau, Wai‐Sum</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheung, Pik‐Yuen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, De‐An</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Man‐Sau</creatorcontrib><title>Activation of insulin‐like growth factor I receptor‐mediated pathway by ginsenoside Rg1</title><title>British journal of pharmacology</title><addtitle>Br J Pharmacol</addtitle><description>Ginsenoside Rg1, an active ingredient in ginseng, was previously shown to be a novel class of potent phytoestrogen. The present study aims at investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in mediating its actions in human breast cancer (MCF‐7) cells. Rg1 (1 pM) stimulates cell proliferation (P&lt;0.01) and estrogen‐responsive pS2 mRNA expression (P&lt;0.05) without alteration of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) protein or mRNA expression in MCF‐7 cells. In addition, 10−14–10−4 M of Rg1 does not demonstrate specific binding to ERα. We hypothesize that Rg1 may exert its actions in MCF‐7 cell via the activation of crosstalk between ER‐ and insulin growth factor I receptor (IGF‐IR)‐dependent pathways. The results indicate that Rg1 significantly increases IGF‐IR expression and IGF‐IR promoter activity in MCF‐7 cells (P&lt;0.05). Cotreatment of MCF‐7 cells with 1 μM of estrogen antagonist ICI 182,780 completely abolishes the effects of Rg1 on IGF‐IR expression. Furthermore, Rg1 enhances tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS‐1 in MCF‐7 cells upon IGF‐I stimulation and the activation of IRS‐1 phosphorylation is also ER‐dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that Rg1 not only increases IGF‐IR expression but also enhances IGF‐IR‐mediated signaling pathways in MCF‐7 cells. The stimulation of IGF‐IR expression by Rg1 in MCF‐7 cells appears to require ER, and its actions might involve ligand‐independent activation of ER. British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 147, 542–551. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706640</description><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cell Line</subject><subject>Cell Proliferation - drug effects</subject><subject>estrogen</subject><subject>Estrogen Receptor alpha - physiology</subject><subject>Ginsenoside Rg1</subject><subject>Ginsenosides - pharmacology</subject><subject>Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics</subject><subject>human breast cancer</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - pharmacology</subject><subject>insulin‐like growth factor I receptor</subject><subject>Mammary gland diseases</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</subject><subject>phytoestrogen</subject><subject>Promoter Regions, Genetic</subject><subject>Receptor, IGF Type 1 - drug effects</subject><subject>Receptor, IGF Type 1 - genetics</subject><subject>Receptor, IGF Type 1 - physiology</subject><subject>RNA, Messenger - analysis</subject><subject>Signal Transduction - drug effects</subject><subject>Trefoil Factor-1</subject><subject>Tumor Suppressor Proteins - genetics</subject><subject>Tumors</subject><issn>0007-1188</issn><issn>1476-5381</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqFkUFv1DAQhS0EotvClSOykOgtiyeO7fiCVCqglSqBUG8cLK8z2XXIxouddLU3fgK_kV-C0UYUuHDySO-b5zd6hDwDtgTG61epW6663ZIpJmXFHpAFVEoWgtfwkCwYY6oAqOsTcppSx1gWlXhMTkBWIDSwBfl84UZ_Z0cfBhpa6oc09X748e17778gXcewHze0tW4MkV7TiA53ecz6FhtvR2zozo6bvT3Q1YGu8zoOIfkG6ac1PCGPWtsnfDq_Z-T23dvby6vi5sP768uLm8IJIaAA0Qpdo-Si5I5Ji06XwNEiaxpbAXBomQJo6pZjo5XSulJ1vl3bptK25mfk9dF2N61yKofDGG1vdtFvbTyYYL35Wxn8xqzDnQEJUiuRDc5ngxi-TphGs_XJYd_bAcOUjFQKai1lBl_8A3ZhikO-zZSgQEshWYaWR8jFkFLE9ncSYOZXZyZ1Jndm5s7ywvM_89_jc0kZeDkDNjnbt9EOzqd7LsdjUOrM8SO39z0e_vOtefPxqpQM-E-tn7LD</recordid><startdate>200603</startdate><enddate>200603</enddate><creator>Chen, Wen‐Fang</creator><creator>Lau, Wai‐Sum</creator><creator>Cheung, Pik‐Yuen</creator><creator>Guo, De‐An</creator><creator>Wong, Man‐Sau</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</general><general>Nature Publishing</general><general>Nature Publishing Group</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QP</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7TK</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88E</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FE</scope><scope>8FH</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BBNVY</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>BHPHI</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>HCIFZ</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>LK8</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M7P</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200603</creationdate><title>Activation of insulin‐like growth factor I receptor‐mediated pathway by ginsenoside Rg1</title><author>Chen, Wen‐Fang ; Lau, Wai‐Sum ; Cheung, Pik‐Yuen ; Guo, De‐An ; Wong, Man‐Sau</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5551-15f598e63523c06aec9213eae0dda41131f0711d8f3ed977994780389ad49a83</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cell Line</topic><topic>Cell Proliferation - drug effects</topic><topic>estrogen</topic><topic>Estrogen Receptor alpha - physiology</topic><topic>Ginsenoside Rg1</topic><topic>Ginsenosides - pharmacology</topic><topic>Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics</topic><topic>human breast cancer</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - pharmacology</topic><topic>insulin‐like growth factor I receptor</topic><topic>Mammary gland diseases</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Pharmacology. Drug treatments</topic><topic>phytoestrogen</topic><topic>Promoter Regions, Genetic</topic><topic>Receptor, IGF Type 1 - drug effects</topic><topic>Receptor, IGF Type 1 - genetics</topic><topic>Receptor, IGF Type 1 - physiology</topic><topic>RNA, Messenger - analysis</topic><topic>Signal Transduction - drug effects</topic><topic>Trefoil Factor-1</topic><topic>Tumor Suppressor Proteins - genetics</topic><topic>Tumors</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Chen, Wen‐Fang</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Lau, Wai‐Sum</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Cheung, Pik‐Yuen</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Guo, De‐An</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Wong, Man‐Sau</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Calcium &amp; Calcified Tissue Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Nursing &amp; Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Neurosciences Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Medical Database (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest SciTech Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>Biological Science Collection</collection><collection>AUTh Library subscriptions: ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Natural Science Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>SciTech Premium Collection (Proquest) (PQ_SDU_P3)</collection><collection>ProQuest Health &amp; Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Biological Sciences</collection><collection>Health &amp; Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>PML(ProQuest Medical Library)</collection><collection>Biological Science Database</collection><collection>Nursing &amp; Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>British journal of pharmacology</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Chen, Wen‐Fang</au><au>Lau, Wai‐Sum</au><au>Cheung, Pik‐Yuen</au><au>Guo, De‐An</au><au>Wong, Man‐Sau</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Activation of insulin‐like growth factor I receptor‐mediated pathway by ginsenoside Rg1</atitle><jtitle>British journal of pharmacology</jtitle><addtitle>Br J Pharmacol</addtitle><date>2006-03</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>147</volume><issue>5</issue><spage>542</spage><epage>551</epage><pages>542-551</pages><issn>0007-1188</issn><eissn>1476-5381</eissn><coden>BJPCBM</coden><abstract>Ginsenoside Rg1, an active ingredient in ginseng, was previously shown to be a novel class of potent phytoestrogen. The present study aims at investigating the molecular mechanisms involved in mediating its actions in human breast cancer (MCF‐7) cells. Rg1 (1 pM) stimulates cell proliferation (P&lt;0.01) and estrogen‐responsive pS2 mRNA expression (P&lt;0.05) without alteration of estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) protein or mRNA expression in MCF‐7 cells. In addition, 10−14–10−4 M of Rg1 does not demonstrate specific binding to ERα. We hypothesize that Rg1 may exert its actions in MCF‐7 cell via the activation of crosstalk between ER‐ and insulin growth factor I receptor (IGF‐IR)‐dependent pathways. The results indicate that Rg1 significantly increases IGF‐IR expression and IGF‐IR promoter activity in MCF‐7 cells (P&lt;0.05). Cotreatment of MCF‐7 cells with 1 μM of estrogen antagonist ICI 182,780 completely abolishes the effects of Rg1 on IGF‐IR expression. Furthermore, Rg1 enhances tyrosine phosphorylation of IRS‐1 in MCF‐7 cells upon IGF‐I stimulation and the activation of IRS‐1 phosphorylation is also ER‐dependent. Taken together, our results suggest that Rg1 not only increases IGF‐IR expression but also enhances IGF‐IR‐mediated signaling pathways in MCF‐7 cells. The stimulation of IGF‐IR expression by Rg1 in MCF‐7 cells appears to require ER, and its actions might involve ligand‐independent activation of ER. British Journal of Pharmacology (2006) 147, 542–551. doi:10.1038/sj.bjp.0706640</abstract><cop>Oxford, UK</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</pub><pmid>16415910</pmid><doi>10.1038/sj.bjp.0706640</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record>
fulltext fulltext
identifier ISSN: 0007-1188
ispartof British journal of pharmacology, 2006-03, Vol.147 (5), p.542-551
issn 0007-1188
1476-5381
language eng
recordid cdi_pubmedcentral_primary_oai_pubmedcentral_nih_gov_1616975
source Open Access: PubMed Central; Wiley-Blackwell Read & Publish Collection
subjects Biological and medical sciences
Cell Line
Cell Proliferation - drug effects
estrogen
Estrogen Receptor alpha - physiology
Ginsenoside Rg1
Ginsenosides - pharmacology
Gynecology. Andrology. Obstetrics
human breast cancer
Humans
Insulin-Like Growth Factor I - pharmacology
insulin‐like growth factor I receptor
Mammary gland diseases
Medical sciences
Pharmacology. Drug treatments
phytoestrogen
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Receptor, IGF Type 1 - drug effects
Receptor, IGF Type 1 - genetics
Receptor, IGF Type 1 - physiology
RNA, Messenger - analysis
Signal Transduction - drug effects
Trefoil Factor-1
Tumor Suppressor Proteins - genetics
Tumors
title Activation of insulin‐like growth factor I receptor‐mediated pathway by ginsenoside Rg1
url http://sfxeu10.hosted.exlibrisgroup.com/loughborough?ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_enc=info:ofi/enc:UTF-8&ctx_tim=2025-01-07T18%3A20%3A14IST&url_ver=Z39.88-2004&url_ctx_fmt=infofi/fmt:kev:mtx:ctx&rfr_id=info:sid/primo.exlibrisgroup.com:primo3-Article-proquest_pubme&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Activation%20of%20insulin%E2%80%90like%20growth%20factor%20I%20receptor%E2%80%90mediated%20pathway%20by%20ginsenoside%20Rg1&rft.jtitle=British%20journal%20of%20pharmacology&rft.au=Chen,%20Wen%E2%80%90Fang&rft.date=2006-03&rft.volume=147&rft.issue=5&rft.spage=542&rft.epage=551&rft.pages=542-551&rft.issn=0007-1188&rft.eissn=1476-5381&rft.coden=BJPCBM&rft_id=info:doi/10.1038/sj.bjp.0706640&rft_dat=%3Cproquest_pubme%3E67718966%3C/proquest_pubme%3E%3Cgrp_id%3Ecdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5551-15f598e63523c06aec9213eae0dda41131f0711d8f3ed977994780389ad49a83%3C/grp_id%3E%3Coa%3E%3C/oa%3E%3Curl%3E%3C/url%3E&rft_id=info:oai/&rft_pqid=217196560&rft_id=info:pmid/16415910&rfr_iscdi=true