Sex and race differences in young people's responsiveness to price and tobacco control policies

• Published in: Tobacco control 1999-12, Vol.8 (4), p.373-377
• Main Authors: Chaloupka, Frank J, Pacula, Rosalie Liccardo
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Adolescent; Advertising; African Americans; Air cleanliness; Average prices; Black people; Catchment Area (Health); Cigarette smoking; Cigarettes; Commerce - economics; Commerce - statistics & numerical data; Continental Population Groups; Female; Humans; Male; Men; Original; Policy Making; Population; Prevalence; Price elasticity; Regression analysis; Smoking; Smoking - epidemiology; Smoking cessation; Smoking Prevention; Tax policy; Tobacco; Tobacco industry; Tobacco Industry - economics; Tobacco policy; Tobacco smoking; United States - epidemiology; Variables; White people; Young adults
• ISSN: 0964-4563; 1468-3318
• DOI: 10.1136/tc.8.4.373

OBJECTIVE To determine if there are differences in young people's responsiveness to price and tobacco control policies for population subgroups and to examine whether or not these differences, if they exist, can explain sex and racial differences in trends in the prevalence of smoking in young people in the United States. DESIGN Use cross-sectional and intertemporal variation in local and state tobacco control policies and prices to calculate demand responses to these policies using regression analysis techniques. SUBJECTS A nationally representative sample of American eighth grade (ages 13–14 years), 10th grade (15–16 years) and 12th grade (17–18 years) students obtained from the 1992–1994 Monitoring the Future surveys. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Thirty-day smoking prevalence. RESULTS Young men are much more responsive to changes in the price of cigarettes than young women. The prevalence elasticity for young men is almost twice as large as that for young women. Smoking rates of young black men are significantly more responsive to changes in price than young white men. Significant differences in responsiveness to particular tobacco control policies also exist. These differences, however, explain relatively little of the differences in smoking prevalence among young population subgroups. CONCLUSIONS Policymakers need to keep in mind that there is not a “one-size fits all” strategy for discouraging smoking among young people.