Pterygium in Indonesia: prevalence, severity and risk factors

Aim: To determine prevalence rates, severity, and risk factors for pterygium in adults in provincial Indonesia and to validate a clinical grading scheme in a population based setting. Methods: A population based prevalence survey of 1210 adults aged 21 years and above was conducted in five rural vil...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:British journal of ophthalmology 2002-12, Vol.86 (12), p.1341-1346
Main Authors: Gazzard, G, Saw, S-M, Farook, M, Koh, D, Widjaja, D, Chia, S-E, Hong, C-Y, Tan, D T H
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adult
Age Distribution
Astigmatism
Astigmatism - complications
Biological and medical sciences
Diseases of eyelid, conjunctiva and lacrimal tracts
epidemiology
Female
Households
Humans
Indonesia - epidemiology
Logistic Models
Male
Medical personnel
Medical sciences
Middle Aged
Multivariate Analysis
Ophthalmology
Participation
Pathogenesis
Population
Prevalence
pterygium
Pterygium - complications
Pterygium - epidemiology
Risk Factors
Rural Health
Sample size
Socioeconomic Factors
sun exposure
Surgery
Surgery (general aspects). Transplantations, organ and tissue grafts. Graft diseases
Surgery of the eye and orbit
Ultraviolet radiation
Ultraviolet Rays - adverse effects
Urban Health
Visual Acuity - physiology
World Views
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Summary:Aim: To determine prevalence rates, severity, and risk factors for pterygium in adults in provincial Indonesia and to validate a clinical grading scheme in a population based setting. Methods: A population based prevalence survey of 1210 adults aged 21 years and above was conducted in five rural villages and one provincial town in Riau province, Sumatra, Indonesia, an area near to the equator. A one stage household cluster sampling procedure was employed: 100 households were randomly selected from each village or town. Pterygia were graded for severity (T1 to T3, by visibility of episcleral vessels) and the basal and apical extent measured by an ophthalmologist (GG) with a hand held slit lamp. Refraction was measured by hand held autorefractor (Retinomax). Face to face household interviews assessed outdoor activity, occupation, and smoking. The participation rate was 96.7%. Results: The mean age was 36.6 years (SD 13.1), 612 were male. The age adjusted prevalence rate of any pterygium was 10.0% (95% confidence intervals (CI) 8.2 to 11.7) and of bilateral pterygia was 4.1% (95% CI 2.9 to 5.3). There was a significant dose-response relation with age (2.9% (95% CI 0.4 to 5.8) for 21–29 years versus 17.3% (95% CI 10.4 to 24.2) 50 years and above; p for trend
ISSN:0007-1161
1468-2079
DOI:10.1136/bjo.86.12.1341