Female reproductive factors and open angle glaucoma: the Blue Mountains Eye Study

Aims: To determine whether endogenous oestrogen exposures are associated with open angle glaucoma (OAG). Methods: The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 2072 women aged 49–97 years during 1992–4. Questions about female reproductive factors included age at menarche and menopause, parity, and use of ho...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:British journal of ophthalmology 2003-11, Vol.87 (11), p.1324-1328
Main Authors: Lee, A J, Mitchell, P, Rochtchina, E, Healey, P R
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Age
Age Factors
Aged
Aged, 80 and over
Australia
Biological and medical sciences
Blue Mountains Eye Study
Causes of
Clinical Science - Scientific Reports
Confidence intervals
Diabetes
Diabetic retinopathy
Estrogen Replacement Therapy
Estrogens - physiology
Family medical history
Female
Females
Glaucoma
Glaucoma and intraocular pressure
Glaucoma, Open-Angle - etiology
Health Surveys
Hormone replacement therapy
Humans
Hypertension
Hysterectomy
Medical sciences
Menarche
Menopause
Menstruation
Middle Aged
Myopia
Ocular Hypertension - etiology
Odds Ratio
Ophthalmology
Parity
Pregnancy
Risk
Risk Factors
Studies
Womens health
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Summary:Aims: To determine whether endogenous oestrogen exposures are associated with open angle glaucoma (OAG). Methods: The Blue Mountains Eye Study examined 2072 women aged 49–97 years during 1992–4. Questions about female reproductive factors included age at menarche and menopause, parity, and use of hormone replacement therapy. Applanation tonometry, visual field tests, and stereo-optic disc photographs were performed. OAG was diagnosed when glaucomatous visual fields matched optic disc changes. Ocular hypertension (OH) was defined in the absence of glaucoma, but with intraocular pressure ⩾22 mm Hg. Results: A significantly increased OAG risk with later (>13 years) compared with earlier (⩽12 years) age of menarche was found, odds ratio (OR) = 2.0; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0 to 3.9, p for trend = 0.01, after adjustment for multiple confounders. Non-significant increased odds for OAG were found for early natural menopause (
ISSN:0007-1161
1468-2079
DOI:10.1136/bjo.87.11.1324