The Relations of Effortful Control and Impulsivity to Children's Resiliency and Adjustment

The unique relations of effortful control and impulsivity to resiliency and adjustment were examined when children were 4.5 to 8 years old, and 2 years later. Parents and teachers reported on all constructs and children's attentional persistence was observed. In concurrent structural equation m...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Child development 2004-01, Vol.75 (1), p.25-46
Main Authors: Eisenberg, Nancy, Spinrad, Tracy L., Fabes, Richard A., Reiser, Mark, Cumberland, Amanda, Shepard, Stephanie A., Valiente, Carlos, Losoya, Sandra H., Guthrie, Ivanna K., Thompson, Marilyn
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adaptation, Psychological
Adjustment
Anger
Attention
Attention Control
Behavior
Behavior Problems
Behavioural psychology
Biological and medical sciences
Child
Child Behavior
Child Behavior Disorders - diagnosis
Child Behavior Disorders - psychology
Child development
Child protection
Child psychology
Child Reactive Disorders - diagnosis
Child Reactive Disorders - psychology
Child, Preschool
Children
Conceptual Tempo
Control
Developmental psychology
Emotional adjustment
Emotional expression
Emotionality
Emotions
Empirical Articles
Family studies
Female
Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology
Humans
Impulsive Behavior - psychology
Impulsivity
Internal-External Control
Longitudinal Studies
Male
Models, Statistical
Motivation
Parents
Personality Assessment
Personality Traits
Predictor Variables
Psychology
Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry
Psychology. Psychophysiology
Psychometrics - statistics & numerical data
Resilience
Sadness
Self Control
Statistics as Topic
Student Adjustment
Temperament
USA
Vigilance
Young Children
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Description
Summary:The unique relations of effortful control and impulsivity to resiliency and adjustment were examined when children were 4.5 to 8 years old, and 2 years later. Parents and teachers reported on all constructs and children's attentional persistence was observed. In concurrent structural equation models, effortful control and impulsivity uniquely and directly predicted resiliency and externalizing problems and indirectly predicted internalizing problems (through resiliency). Teacher-reported anger moderated the relations of effortful control and impulsivity to externalizing problems. In the longitudinal model, all relations held at T2 except for the path from impulsivity to externalizing problems. Evidence of bidirectional effects also was obtained. The results indicate that effortful control and impulsivity are distinct constructs with some unique prediction of resiliency and adjustment.
ISSN:0009-3920
1467-8624
DOI:10.1111/j.1467-8624.2004.00652.x