Renal and adrenal tumours in children

The differential diagnosis of renal and supra-renal masses firstly depends on the age of the child. Neuroblastoma (NBL) may be seen antenatally or in the newborn period; this tumour has a good prognosis unlike NBL seen in older children (particularly NBL in those aged 2-4 years). Benign renal masses...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Cancer imaging 2007-03, Vol.7 (1), p.41-51
Main Author: McHugh, Kieran
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adolescent
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms - diagnosis
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms - epidemiology
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms - pathology
Adrenal Gland Neoplasms - therapy
Age of Onset
Carcinoma, Renal Cell - diagnosis
Carcinoma, Renal Cell - epidemiology
Child
Child, Preschool
Diagnosis, Differential
Diagnostic Imaging - methods
Ganglioneuroblastoma - diagnosis
Ganglioneuroblastoma - epidemiology
Ganglioneuroblastoma - pathology
Humans
Infant
Infant, Newborn
Kidney Neoplasms - diagnosis
Kidney Neoplasms - epidemiology
Kidney Neoplasms - pathology
Kidney Neoplasms - therapy
Lung Neoplasms - diagnostic imaging
Lung Neoplasms - secondary
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Mass Screening
Neoplasm Staging
Neuroblastoma - diagnosis
Neuroblastoma - epidemiology
Neuroblastoma - pathology
Neuroblastoma - secondary
Neuroblastoma - therapy
Pheochromocytoma - diagnosis
Pheochromocytoma - epidemiology
Positron-Emission Tomography
Tomography, X-Ray Computed
Wilms Tumor - diagnosis
Wilms Tumor - epidemiology
Wilms Tumor - pathology
Wilms Tumor - therapy
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Summary:The differential diagnosis of renal and supra-renal masses firstly depends on the age of the child. Neuroblastoma (NBL) may be seen antenatally or in the newborn period; this tumour has a good prognosis unlike NBL seen in older children (particularly NBL in those aged 2-4 years). Benign renal masses predominate in early infancy but beyond the first year of life Wilms' tumour is the most common renal malignancy, until adolescence when renal cell carcinoma has similar or increased frequency as children get older. Adrenal adenomas and carcinomas also occur in childhood; these tumours are indistinguishable on imaging but criteria for the diagnosis of adrenal carcinoma include size larger than 5 cm, a tendency to invade the inferior vena cava and to metastasise. The most topical dilemmas in the radiological assessment of renal and adrenal tumours are presented. Topics covered include a proposed revision to the staging of NBL, the problems inherent in distinguishing nephrogenic rests from Wilms' tumour and the current recently altered approach regarding small lung nodules in children with Wilms' tumour.
ISSN:1470-7330
1740-5025
1470-7330
DOI:10.1102/1470-7330.2007.0007