The role of the sympathetic nervous system in intestinal inflammation

The nervous system in the intestine controls motility, secretion, sensory perception, and immune function. Peptidergic neurones with neurotransmitters such as substance P and nerve growth factors have been the main focus of neuroimmunomodulation research in the gut. This review summarises the presen...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Gut 2006-11, Vol.55 (11), p.1640-1649
Main Authors: Straub, R H, Wiest, R, Strauch, U G, Härle, P, Schölmerich, J
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Adenosine
Anatomy & physiology
Cell culture
Crohn's disease
Gangrene
Gastroenteritis - physiopathology
gut
Humans
Immune system
Inflammation
Intestines - immunology
Intestines - innervation
Kinases
Lymphocytes
Motility
Nervous system
Neurotransmitter Agents - physiology
Neurotransmitters
Neutrophils
Rheumatoid arthritis
Rodents
sympathetic nervous system
Sympathetic Nervous System - anatomy & histology
Sympathetic Nervous System - physiopathology
The Sympathetic Nervous System in Intestinal Inflammation
Tumor necrosis factor-TNF
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Summary:The nervous system in the intestine controls motility, secretion, sensory perception, and immune function. Peptidergic neurones with neurotransmitters such as substance P and nerve growth factors have been the main focus of neuroimmunomodulation research in the gut. This review summarises the present knowledge concerning the role of the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) in modulating intestinal inflammation. The role of the SNS for gut inflammation is compared with its role in rheumatoid arthritis which demonstrates notable similarities. Nerve fibres of the SNS not only enter the enteric plexuses but also innervate the mucosa and gut associated lymphoid tissue (GALT). The SNS has pro- and anti-inflammatory functions. Neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, adenosine, and others can evoke remarkably different opposing effects depending on concentration (presence of sympathetic nerve fibres and extent of neurotransmitter release), receptor affinity at different receptor subtypes, expression of adrenoceptors, availability of cotransmitters, and timing of SNS activity in relation to the inflammatory course. This review attempts to integrate the different perspectives of the pro- and anti-inflammatory effects of the SNS on inflammatory disease of the gut.
ISSN:0017-5749
1468-3288
DOI:10.1136/gut.2006.091322