Inhibition of the HERG potassium channel by the tricyclic antidepressant doxepin

• Published in: Biochemical pharmacology 2007-08, Vol.74 (3), p.425-437
• Main Authors: Duncan, R.S., McPate, M.J., Ridley, J.M., Gao, Z., James, A.F., Leishman, D.J., Leaney, J.L., Witchel, H.J., Hancox, J.C.
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Animals; Antidepressant; Antidepressive Agents, Tricyclic - pharmacology; Arrhythmia; Biological and medical sciences; Cardiac dysrhythmias; Cardiology. Vascular system; Cells, Cultured; Doxepin; Doxepin - pharmacology; ERG1 Potassium Channel; Ether-A-Go-Go Potassium Channels - antagonists & inhibitors; Heart; Heart Ventricles - cytology; Heart Ventricles - drug effects; Heart Ventricles - metabolism; HERG; IKr; Long QT syndrome; Medical sciences; Patch-Clamp Techniques; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Potassium channel; QT interval; QT-prolongation; Rabbits; Rapid delayed rectifier; Short QT syndrome; Torsade de pointes
• ISSN: 0006-2952; 1873-2968
• DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2007.04.024

HERG (human ether-à-go-go-related gene) encodes channels responsible for the cardiac rapid delayed rectifier potassium current, IKr. This study investigated the effects on HERG channels of doxepin, a tricyclic antidepressant linked to QT interval prolongation and cardiac arrhythmia. Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings were made at 37°C of recombinant HERG channel current (IHERG), and of native IKr ‘tails’ from rabbit ventricular myocytes. Doxepin inhibited IHERG with an IC50 value of 6.5±1.4μM and native IKr with an IC50 of 4.4±0.6μM. The inhibitory effect on IHERG developed rapidly upon membrane depolarization, but with no significant dependence on voltage and with little alteration to the voltage-dependent kinetics of IHERG. Neither the S631A nor N588K inactivation-attenuating mutations (of residues located in the channel pore and external S5-Pore linker, respectively) significantly reduced the potency of inhibition. The S6 point mutation Y652A increased the IC50 for IHERG blockade by ∼4.2-fold; the F656A mutant also attenuated doxepin's action at some concentrations. HERG channel blockade is likely to underpin reported cases of QT interval prolongation with doxepin. Notably, this study also establishes doxepin as an effective inhibitor of mutant (N588K) HERG channels responsible for variant 1 of the short QT syndrome.