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Antioxidants Vitamin C and Vitamin E for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence of the supplements vitamin C and vitamin E for treatment and prevention of cancer. METHODS: Systematic review of trials and meta‐analysis. DATA SOURCES AND MAIN RESULTS: Thirty‐eight studies showed scant evidence that vitamin C or vitamin E beneficially affects su...
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Published in: | Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM 2006-07, Vol.21 (7), p.735-744 |
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container_title | Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM |
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creator | Coulter, Ian D. Hardy, Mary L. Morton, Sally C. Hilton, Lara G. Tu, Wenli Valentine, Di Shekelle, Paul G. |
description | OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence of the supplements vitamin C and vitamin E for treatment and prevention of cancer.
METHODS: Systematic review of trials and meta‐analysis.
DATA SOURCES AND MAIN RESULTS: Thirty‐eight studies showed scant evidence that vitamin C or vitamin E beneficially affects survival. In the ATBC Cancer Prevention Study Group, no statistically significant effect of treatment was seen for any cancer individually, and our pooled relative risk (regardless of tumor type) for α‐tocopherol alone was 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74, 1.12). All cause mortality was not significant. In the Linxian General Population Trial, the relative risks for cancer death for vitamin C (combined with molybdenum) was 1.06 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.21) and for vitamin E (combined with β‐carotene and selenium) was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.00). We identified only 3 studies that reported statistically significant beneficial results: vitamin C (in combination with BCG) was found to be beneficial in a single trial of bladder cancer and vitamin E (in combination with ω‐3 fatty acid) increased survival in patients with advanced cancer. In the ATBC trial, in analyses of 6 individual cancers, the prevention of prostate cancer in subjects treated with α‐tocopherol was statistically significant (RR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.94).
CONCLUSIONS: The systematic review of the literature does not support the hypothesis that the use of supplements of vitamin C or vitamin E in the doses tested helps prevent and/or treat cancer in the populations tested. There were isolated findings of benefit, which require confirmation. |
doi_str_mv | 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00483.x |
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METHODS: Systematic review of trials and meta‐analysis.
DATA SOURCES AND MAIN RESULTS: Thirty‐eight studies showed scant evidence that vitamin C or vitamin E beneficially affects survival. In the ATBC Cancer Prevention Study Group, no statistically significant effect of treatment was seen for any cancer individually, and our pooled relative risk (regardless of tumor type) for α‐tocopherol alone was 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74, 1.12). All cause mortality was not significant. In the Linxian General Population Trial, the relative risks for cancer death for vitamin C (combined with molybdenum) was 1.06 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.21) and for vitamin E (combined with β‐carotene and selenium) was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.00). We identified only 3 studies that reported statistically significant beneficial results: vitamin C (in combination with BCG) was found to be beneficial in a single trial of bladder cancer and vitamin E (in combination with ω‐3 fatty acid) increased survival in patients with advanced cancer. In the ATBC trial, in analyses of 6 individual cancers, the prevention of prostate cancer in subjects treated with α‐tocopherol was statistically significant (RR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.94).
CONCLUSIONS: The systematic review of the literature does not support the hypothesis that the use of supplements of vitamin C or vitamin E in the doses tested helps prevent and/or treat cancer in the populations tested. There were isolated findings of benefit, which require confirmation.</description><identifier>ISSN: 0884-8734</identifier><identifier>EISSN: 1525-1497</identifier><identifier>DOI: 10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00483.x</identifier><identifier>PMID: 16808775</identifier><language>eng</language><publisher>Malden, USA: Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><subject>antioxidant ; Antioxidants - therapeutic use ; Ascorbic Acid - therapeutic use ; Biological and medical sciences ; Cancer ; Confidence intervals ; General aspects ; Humans ; Internal medicine ; Medical sciences ; Miscellaneous ; Neoplasms - drug therapy ; Neoplasms - mortality ; Neoplasms - prevention & control ; Original ; Public health. Hygiene ; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine ; Risk ; Survival Analysis ; systematic review ; Treatment Outcome ; Vitamin C ; Vitamin E ; Vitamin E - therapeutic use</subject><ispartof>Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM, 2006-07, Vol.21 (7), p.735-744</ispartof><rights>2006 INIST-CNRS</rights><rights>Society of General Internal Medicine 2006</rights><rights>2006 by the Society of General Internal Medicine. All rights reserved 2006</rights><lds50>peer_reviewed</lds50><oa>free_for_read</oa><woscitedreferencessubscribed>false</woscitedreferencessubscribed><citedby>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5283-16633a7886044e8180da9bda3bc850f1925dd4fa910aab3df6f94d750d3578623</citedby><cites>FETCH-LOGICAL-c5283-16633a7886044e8180da9bda3bc850f1925dd4fa910aab3df6f94d750d3578623</cites></display><links><openurl>$$Topenurl_article</openurl><openurlfulltext>$$Topenurlfull_article</openurlfulltext><thumbnail>$$Tsyndetics_thumb_exl</thumbnail><linktopdf>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1924689/pdf/$$EPDF$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktopdf><linktohtml>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1924689/$$EHTML$$P50$$Gpubmedcentral$$H</linktohtml><link.rule.ids>230,314,727,780,784,885,27924,27925,53791,53793</link.rule.ids><backlink>$$Uhttp://pascal-francis.inist.fr/vibad/index.php?action=getRecordDetail&idt=17931224$$DView record in Pascal Francis$$Hfree_for_read</backlink><backlink>$$Uhttps://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16808775$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed$$Hfree_for_read</backlink></links><search><creatorcontrib>Coulter, Ian D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hardy, Mary L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morton, Sally C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hilton, Lara G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tu, Wenli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valentine, Di</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shekelle, Paul G.</creatorcontrib><title>Antioxidants Vitamin C and Vitamin E for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer</title><title>Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM</title><addtitle>J Gen Intern Med</addtitle><description>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence of the supplements vitamin C and vitamin E for treatment and prevention of cancer.
METHODS: Systematic review of trials and meta‐analysis.
DATA SOURCES AND MAIN RESULTS: Thirty‐eight studies showed scant evidence that vitamin C or vitamin E beneficially affects survival. In the ATBC Cancer Prevention Study Group, no statistically significant effect of treatment was seen for any cancer individually, and our pooled relative risk (regardless of tumor type) for α‐tocopherol alone was 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74, 1.12). All cause mortality was not significant. In the Linxian General Population Trial, the relative risks for cancer death for vitamin C (combined with molybdenum) was 1.06 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.21) and for vitamin E (combined with β‐carotene and selenium) was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.00). We identified only 3 studies that reported statistically significant beneficial results: vitamin C (in combination with BCG) was found to be beneficial in a single trial of bladder cancer and vitamin E (in combination with ω‐3 fatty acid) increased survival in patients with advanced cancer. In the ATBC trial, in analyses of 6 individual cancers, the prevention of prostate cancer in subjects treated with α‐tocopherol was statistically significant (RR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.94).
CONCLUSIONS: The systematic review of the literature does not support the hypothesis that the use of supplements of vitamin C or vitamin E in the doses tested helps prevent and/or treat cancer in the populations tested. There were isolated findings of benefit, which require confirmation.</description><subject>antioxidant</subject><subject>Antioxidants - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Ascorbic Acid - therapeutic use</subject><subject>Biological and medical sciences</subject><subject>Cancer</subject><subject>Confidence intervals</subject><subject>General aspects</subject><subject>Humans</subject><subject>Internal medicine</subject><subject>Medical sciences</subject><subject>Miscellaneous</subject><subject>Neoplasms - drug therapy</subject><subject>Neoplasms - mortality</subject><subject>Neoplasms - prevention & control</subject><subject>Original</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene</subject><subject>Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine</subject><subject>Risk</subject><subject>Survival Analysis</subject><subject>systematic review</subject><subject>Treatment Outcome</subject><subject>Vitamin C</subject><subject>Vitamin E</subject><subject>Vitamin E - therapeutic use</subject><issn>0884-8734</issn><issn>1525-1497</issn><fulltext>true</fulltext><rsrctype>article</rsrctype><creationdate>2006</creationdate><recordtype>article</recordtype><recordid>eNqNkV1rFDEUhoModlv9CxIEvZsx33MGRChLbSuFelG9DdlJYrPMZGoyW7f_3kx32apX5iYf5zkv78mLEKakpmV9WNdUMllR0TY1I0TVhAjg9fYZWhwKz9GCAIgKGi6O0HHOa0IoZwxeoiOqgEDTyAW6Po1TGLfBmjhl_D1MZggRL7GJ9nA7w35MeLp1-Gty925uiI_ATXJmGsoDHj1emti59Aq98KbP7vV-P0HfPp_dLC-qq-vzy-XpVdVJBryiSnFuGgBFhHBAgVjTrqzhqw4k8bRl0lrhTUuJMStuvfKtsI0klssGFOMn6NNO926zGpztiolken2XwmDSgx5N0H9XYrjVP8Z7XaSFgrYIvN8LpPHnxuVJDyF3ru9NdOMma1WsMcpJAd_-A67HTYplOM0IUClaEAWCHdSlMefk_MEJJXqOTK_1nIyek9FzZPoxMr0trW_-nOSpcZ9RAd7tAZM70_tUPjrkJ65pOWVs9vBxx_0KvXv4bwP6y_llOfDfB3uw4w</recordid><startdate>200607</startdate><enddate>200607</enddate><creator>Coulter, Ian D.</creator><creator>Hardy, Mary L.</creator><creator>Morton, Sally C.</creator><creator>Hilton, Lara G.</creator><creator>Tu, Wenli</creator><creator>Valentine, Di</creator><creator>Shekelle, Paul G.</creator><general>Blackwell Publishing Inc</general><general>Springer</general><general>Springer Nature B.V</general><general>Blackwell Science Inc</general><scope>IQODW</scope><scope>CGR</scope><scope>CUY</scope><scope>CVF</scope><scope>ECM</scope><scope>EIF</scope><scope>NPM</scope><scope>AAYXX</scope><scope>CITATION</scope><scope>3V.</scope><scope>7QL</scope><scope>7RV</scope><scope>7U9</scope><scope>7X7</scope><scope>7XB</scope><scope>88C</scope><scope>8AO</scope><scope>8FD</scope><scope>8FI</scope><scope>8FJ</scope><scope>8FK</scope><scope>8G5</scope><scope>ABUWG</scope><scope>AFKRA</scope><scope>AZQEC</scope><scope>BENPR</scope><scope>C1K</scope><scope>CCPQU</scope><scope>DWQXO</scope><scope>FR3</scope><scope>FYUFA</scope><scope>GHDGH</scope><scope>GNUQQ</scope><scope>GUQSH</scope><scope>H94</scope><scope>K9.</scope><scope>M0S</scope><scope>M0T</scope><scope>M1P</scope><scope>M2O</scope><scope>M7N</scope><scope>MBDVC</scope><scope>NAPCQ</scope><scope>P64</scope><scope>PQEST</scope><scope>PQQKQ</scope><scope>PQUKI</scope><scope>PRINS</scope><scope>Q9U</scope><scope>RC3</scope><scope>7X8</scope><scope>5PM</scope></search><sort><creationdate>200607</creationdate><title>Antioxidants Vitamin C and Vitamin E for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer</title><author>Coulter, Ian D. ; Hardy, Mary L. ; Morton, Sally C. ; Hilton, Lara G. ; Tu, Wenli ; Valentine, Di ; Shekelle, Paul G.</author></sort><facets><frbrtype>5</frbrtype><frbrgroupid>cdi_FETCH-LOGICAL-c5283-16633a7886044e8180da9bda3bc850f1925dd4fa910aab3df6f94d750d3578623</frbrgroupid><rsrctype>articles</rsrctype><prefilter>articles</prefilter><language>eng</language><creationdate>2006</creationdate><topic>antioxidant</topic><topic>Antioxidants - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Ascorbic Acid - therapeutic use</topic><topic>Biological and medical sciences</topic><topic>Cancer</topic><topic>Confidence intervals</topic><topic>General aspects</topic><topic>Humans</topic><topic>Internal medicine</topic><topic>Medical sciences</topic><topic>Miscellaneous</topic><topic>Neoplasms - drug therapy</topic><topic>Neoplasms - mortality</topic><topic>Neoplasms - prevention & control</topic><topic>Original</topic><topic>Public health. 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Hygiene-occupational medicine</topic><topic>Risk</topic><topic>Survival Analysis</topic><topic>systematic review</topic><topic>Treatment Outcome</topic><topic>Vitamin C</topic><topic>Vitamin E</topic><topic>Vitamin E - therapeutic use</topic><toplevel>peer_reviewed</toplevel><toplevel>online_resources</toplevel><creatorcontrib>Coulter, Ian D.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hardy, Mary L.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Morton, Sally C.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Hilton, Lara G.</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Tu, Wenli</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Valentine, Di</creatorcontrib><creatorcontrib>Shekelle, Paul G.</creatorcontrib><collection>Pascal-Francis</collection><collection>Medline</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE (Ovid)</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>MEDLINE</collection><collection>PubMed</collection><collection>CrossRef</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Corporate)</collection><collection>Bacteriology Abstracts (Microbiology B)</collection><collection>ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Database</collection><collection>Virology and AIDS Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Collection</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Pharma Collection</collection><collection>Technology Research Database</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection</collection><collection>Hospital Premium Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni) (purchase pre-March 2016)</collection><collection>Research Library (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Essentials</collection><collection>ProQuest Central</collection><collection>Environmental Sciences and Pollution Management</collection><collection>ProQuest One Community College</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Korea</collection><collection>Engineering Research Database</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection</collection><collection>Health Research Premium Collection (Alumni)</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Student</collection><collection>Research Library Prep</collection><collection>AIDS and Cancer Research Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest Health & Medical Complete (Alumni)</collection><collection>Health & Medical Collection (Alumni Edition)</collection><collection>Healthcare Administration Database</collection><collection>Medical Database</collection><collection>ProQuest research library</collection><collection>Algology Mycology and Protozoology Abstracts (Microbiology C)</collection><collection>Research Library (Corporate)</collection><collection>Nursing & Allied Health Premium</collection><collection>Biotechnology and BioEngineering Abstracts</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic Eastern Edition (DO NOT USE)</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic</collection><collection>ProQuest One Academic UKI Edition</collection><collection>ProQuest Central China</collection><collection>ProQuest Central Basic</collection><collection>Genetics Abstracts</collection><collection>MEDLINE - Academic</collection><collection>PubMed Central (Full Participant titles)</collection><jtitle>Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM</jtitle></facets><delivery><delcategory>Remote Search Resource</delcategory><fulltext>fulltext</fulltext></delivery><addata><au>Coulter, Ian D.</au><au>Hardy, Mary L.</au><au>Morton, Sally C.</au><au>Hilton, Lara G.</au><au>Tu, Wenli</au><au>Valentine, Di</au><au>Shekelle, Paul G.</au><format>journal</format><genre>article</genre><ristype>JOUR</ristype><atitle>Antioxidants Vitamin C and Vitamin E for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer</atitle><jtitle>Journal of general internal medicine : JGIM</jtitle><addtitle>J Gen Intern Med</addtitle><date>2006-07</date><risdate>2006</risdate><volume>21</volume><issue>7</issue><spage>735</spage><epage>744</epage><pages>735-744</pages><issn>0884-8734</issn><eissn>1525-1497</eissn><abstract>OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the evidence of the supplements vitamin C and vitamin E for treatment and prevention of cancer.
METHODS: Systematic review of trials and meta‐analysis.
DATA SOURCES AND MAIN RESULTS: Thirty‐eight studies showed scant evidence that vitamin C or vitamin E beneficially affects survival. In the ATBC Cancer Prevention Study Group, no statistically significant effect of treatment was seen for any cancer individually, and our pooled relative risk (regardless of tumor type) for α‐tocopherol alone was 0.91 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74, 1.12). All cause mortality was not significant. In the Linxian General Population Trial, the relative risks for cancer death for vitamin C (combined with molybdenum) was 1.06 (95% CI: 0.92, 1.21) and for vitamin E (combined with β‐carotene and selenium) was 0.87 (95% CI: 0.76, 1.00). We identified only 3 studies that reported statistically significant beneficial results: vitamin C (in combination with BCG) was found to be beneficial in a single trial of bladder cancer and vitamin E (in combination with ω‐3 fatty acid) increased survival in patients with advanced cancer. In the ATBC trial, in analyses of 6 individual cancers, the prevention of prostate cancer in subjects treated with α‐tocopherol was statistically significant (RR=0.64, 95% CI: 0.44, 0.94).
CONCLUSIONS: The systematic review of the literature does not support the hypothesis that the use of supplements of vitamin C or vitamin E in the doses tested helps prevent and/or treat cancer in the populations tested. There were isolated findings of benefit, which require confirmation.</abstract><cop>Malden, USA</cop><pub>Blackwell Publishing Inc</pub><pmid>16808775</pmid><doi>10.1111/j.1525-1497.2006.00483.x</doi><tpages>10</tpages><oa>free_for_read</oa></addata></record> |
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subjects | antioxidant Antioxidants - therapeutic use Ascorbic Acid - therapeutic use Biological and medical sciences Cancer Confidence intervals General aspects Humans Internal medicine Medical sciences Miscellaneous Neoplasms - drug therapy Neoplasms - mortality Neoplasms - prevention & control Original Public health. Hygiene Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine Risk Survival Analysis systematic review Treatment Outcome Vitamin C Vitamin E Vitamin E - therapeutic use |
title | Antioxidants Vitamin C and Vitamin E for the Prevention and Treatment of Cancer |
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