Structures required for poly(A) tail-independent translation overlap with, but are distinct from, cap-independent translation and RNA replication signals at the 3′ end of Tobacco necrosis virus RNA

Abstract Tobacco necrosis necrovirus (TNV) RNA lacks both a 5′ cap and a poly(A) tail but is translated efficiently, owing in part to a Barley yellow dwarf virus ( BYDV )-like cap-independent translation element (BTE) in its 3′ untranslated region (UTR). Here, we identify sequence downstream of the...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:Virology (New York, N.Y.) N.Y.), 2007-02, Vol.358 (2), p.448-458
Main Authors: Shen, Ruizhong, Miller, W. Allen
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
3' Untranslated Regions - chemistry
3' Untranslated Regions - physiology
3'-untranslated region
Avena
Barley yellow dwarf virus
Barley yellow dwarf virus-like translation element
Base Sequence
genome
Genome, Viral
Infectious Disease
Molecular Sequence Data
Necrovirus
Nucleic Acid Conformation
plant viruses
Poly(A) tail mimic
polyadenylic acids
Protein Biosynthesis
Protoplasts
RNA, Viral - biosynthesis
Stem-loop structure
Tobacco necrosis virus
Tombusviridae
Tombusviridae - genetics
translation (genetics)
Translational control
viral RNA
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Summary:Abstract Tobacco necrosis necrovirus (TNV) RNA lacks both a 5′ cap and a poly(A) tail but is translated efficiently, owing in part to a Barley yellow dwarf virus ( BYDV )-like cap-independent translation element (BTE) in its 3′ untranslated region (UTR). Here, we identify sequence downstream of the BTE that is necessary for poly(A) tail-independent translation in vivo by using RNA encoding a luciferase reporter gene flanked by viral UTRs. Deletions and point mutations caused loss of translation that was restored by adding a poly(A) tail, and not by adding a 5′ cap. The two 3′-proximal stem–loops in the viral genome contribute to poly(A) tail-independent translation, as well as RNA replication. For all necroviruses, we predict a conserved 3′ UTR secondary structure that includes the BTE at one end of a long helical axis and the stem–loops required for poly(A) tail-independent translation and RNA replication at the other end. This work shows that a viral genome can harbor distinct cap- and poly(A) tail-mimic sequences in the 3′ UTR.
ISSN:0042-6822
1096-0341
DOI:10.1016/j.virol.2006.08.054