Dietary antioxidants and primary prevention of age related macular degeneration: systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: BMJ 2007-10, Vol.335 (7623), p.755-759
• Main Authors: Chong, Elaine W-T, Wong, Tien Y, Kreis, Andreas J, Simpson, Julie A, Guymer, Robyn H
• Format: Article
• Language: English
• Subjects: Antioxidants; Antioxidants - therapeutic use; Antioxidents; Biological and medical sciences; Clinical outcomes; Clinical trials; Cohort Studies; Dietary supplements; Diseases of the digestive system; Effectiveness; Elderly people; Experimentation; Food supplements; General aspects; Health risk assessment; Humans; Macular degeneration; Macular Degeneration - diet therapy; Macular Degeneration - prevention & control; Medical sciences; Meta-analysis; Prevention; Prevention and actions; Preventive medicine; Primary prevention; Prospective Studies; Public health. Hygiene; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Radiotherapy. Instrumental treatment. Physiotherapy. Reeducation. Rehabilitation, orthophony, crenotherapy. Diet therapy and various other treatments (general aspects); Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Studies; Treatment Failure; Vitamin A; Vitamin C; Vitamin E; Zinc
• ISSN: 0959-8138; 0959-8146; 0959-535X; 1468-5833; 1756-1833
• DOI: 10.1136/bmj.39350.500428.47

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of dietary antioxidants in the primary prevention of age related macular degeneration (AMD).Design Systematic review and meta-analysis.Data sources Search of seven databases without limits on year or language of publication, and retrieval of references in pertinent reviews and articles.Methods Two reviewers independently searched the databases and selected the studies, using standardised criteria. Randomised clinical trials and prospective cohort studies were included. Of the 4192 abstracts initially identified, 12 studies (nine prospective cohort studies and three randomised clinical trials) met the selection criteria and were included. Data extraction and study quality evaluation were independently reviewed, using standardised criteria. Results were pooled quantitatively using meta-analytic methods.Results The nine prospective cohort studies included 149 203 people, with 1878 incident cases of early AMD. The antioxidants investigated differed across studies, and not all studies contributed to the meta-analysis of each antioxidant. Pooled results from prospective cohort studies indicated that vitamin A, vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, lutein, zeaxanthin, α carotene, β carotene, β cryptoxanthin, and lycopene have little or no effect in the primary prevention of early AMD. The three randomised clinical trials did not show that antioxidant supplements prevented early AMD.Conclusions There is insufficient evidence to support the role of dietary antioxidants, including the use of dietary antioxidant supplements, for the primary prevention of early AMD.