From the Hodgkin–Huxley axon to the virtual heart

Experimentally based models of the heart have been developed since 1960, starting with the discovery and modelling of potassium channels. The early models were based on extensions of the Hodgkin–Huxley nerve impulse equations. The first models including calcium balance and signalling were made in th...

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Bibliographic Details
Published in:The Journal of physiology 2007-04, Vol.580 (1), p.15-22
Main Author: Noble, Denis
Format: Article
Language:English
Subjects:
Animals
Axons - physiology
Calcium - metabolism
Heart - innervation
Heart - physiology
Humans
Models, Statistical
Myocardium - cytology
Potassium Channels - physiology
Prize Lecture
Sodium-Calcium Exchanger
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Summary:Experimentally based models of the heart have been developed since 1960, starting with the discovery and modelling of potassium channels. The early models were based on extensions of the Hodgkin–Huxley nerve impulse equations. The first models including calcium balance and signalling were made in the 1980s and have now reached a high degree of physiological detail. During the 1990s these cell models have been incorporated into anatomically detailed tissue and organ models to create the first virtual organ, the Virtual Heart. With over 40 years of interaction between simulation and experiment, the models are now sufficiently refined to begin to be of use in drug development.
ISSN:0022-3751
1469-7793
DOI:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.119370